“…[10][11][12][13] The results of our study are consistent with that finding. The group with low toxicity contained 4 materials: Argion Molar and Riva Silver (conventional glass ionomer cements reinforced with silver), and Fuji IX GP and Fuji IX Extra, differing significantly from the remaining 9 products.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
“…9 Many authors suggest their high biocompatibility. [10][11][12][13] However, there are reports noting an adverse effect of these materials on live cells. [14][15][16] Differences in the results obtained by researchers may result from variability in research protocols.…”
Background. Dentistry materials are the most frequently used substitutes of human tissues. Therefore, an assessment of dental filling materials should cover not only their chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics, but also their cytotoxicity.
“…[10][11][12][13] The results of our study are consistent with that finding. The group with low toxicity contained 4 materials: Argion Molar and Riva Silver (conventional glass ionomer cements reinforced with silver), and Fuji IX GP and Fuji IX Extra, differing significantly from the remaining 9 products.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 83%
“…9 Many authors suggest their high biocompatibility. [10][11][12][13] However, there are reports noting an adverse effect of these materials on live cells. [14][15][16] Differences in the results obtained by researchers may result from variability in research protocols.…”
Background. Dentistry materials are the most frequently used substitutes of human tissues. Therefore, an assessment of dental filling materials should cover not only their chemical, physical, and mechanical characteristics, but also their cytotoxicity.
“…In this study, glass ionomer materials (Ketac Fil Plus (3M ESPE, Germany), Riva Self Cure (SDI, Australia)) showed no changes in fibroblast growth. The results are consistent with the majority of publications where glass ionomer cement showed low cytotoxicity [ 28 , 49 , 50 ]. Some research shows that the cytotoxic effects of GI cement are time-dependent.…”
Biocompatibility is defined as “the ability of a biomaterial, prosthesis, or medical device to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application”. Biocompatibility is especially important for restorative dentists as they use materials that remain in close contact with living tissues for a long time. The research material involves six types of cement used frequently in the subgingival region: Ketac Fil Plus (3M ESPE, Germany), Riva Self Cure (SDI, Australia) (Glass Ionomer Cements), Breeze (Pentron Clinical, USA) (Resin-based Cement), Adhesor Carbofine (Pentron, Czech Republic), Harvard Polycarboxylat Cement (Harvard Dental, Great Britain) (Zinc polycarboxylate types of cement) and Agatos S (Chema-Elektromet, Poland) (Zinc Phosphate Cement). Texture and fractal dimension analysis was applied. An evaluation of cytotoxicity and cell adhesion was carried out. The fractal dimension of Breeze (Pentron Clinical, USA) differed in each of the tested types of cement. Adhesor Carbofine (Pentron, Czech Republic) cytotoxicity was rated 4 on a 0–4 scale. The Ketac Fil Plus (3M ESPE, Germany) and Riva Self Cure (SDI, Australia) cements showed the most favorable conditions for the adhesion of fibroblasts, despite statistically significant differences in the fractal dimension of their surfaces.
“…Specifically, the agar diffusion test, as a well-established cytotoxicity barrier test in dentistry, is commonly used to determine cell membrane integrity by mimicking the penetration of leachable substances released from dental materials through the dentin/mucosal membrane barrier. The MTT assay was used to detect mitochondrial activity by simulating the leachable constituents extracted from dental materials ( Kilic et al, 2012 ). The agar diffusion test results showed that the cytotoxicity score of the experimental composite resins with a low (8–16 wt %) mass fraction of BAG filler was grade 0–1, which falls within the acceptable range for medical devices ( Standardization IOF, 2009 , 2011 ), but when the mass ratio of BAG filler increased up to 23%, the cytotoxicity score was grade 2, indicating increasing cell membrane permeability with increasing BAG incorporation ( Table 5 ).…”
Secondary caries seriously limits the lifetime of composite resin. However, integrating all desirable properties (i.e., mechanical, antibacterial, bioactivity, and biocompatibility) into one composite resin is still challenging. Herein, a novel bioactive glass (BAG)-modified hybrid composite resin has been successfully developed to simultaneously achieve excellent mechanical properties, good biocompatibility, and antibacterial and remineralizing capabilities. When the mass fractions of BAG particles were added from 8 to 23 wt %, the original mechanical properties of the composite resin, including flexural strength and compressive strength, were not obviously affected without compromising the degree of conversion. Although the BAG incorporation of mass fractions of 16 wt % to 23 wt % in composite resins reduced cell viability, the viability could be recovered to normal by adjusting the pH value. Moreover, the BAG-modified composite resins that were obtained showed good antibacterial effects against Streptococcus mutans and enhanced remineralizing activity on demineralized dentin surfaces with increasing incorporation of BAG particles. The possible mechanisms for antibacterial and remineralizing activity might be closely related to the release of bioactive ions (Ca2+, Si4+), suggesting that its antibacterial and biological properties can be controlled by modulating the amounts of bioactive ions. The capability to balance the mechanical properties, cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity, and bioactivity makes the BAG-modified composite resin a promising prospect for clinical application. Our findings provide insight into better design and intelligent fabrication of bioactive composite resins.
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