In vitro assessment of electrospun polyamide‐6 scaffolds for esophageal tissue engineering

Abstract

Artificial tissue-engineered grafts offer a potential alternative to autologous tissue grafts for patients, which can be traumatic. After decellularizing Papio hamadryas esophagus and studying the morphology and physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), we generated electrospun polyamide-6 based scaffolds to mimic it. The scaffolds supported a greater mechanical load than the native ECM and demonstrated similar 3D microstructure, with randomly aligned fibers, 90% porosity, 29 μm maximal pore size, and average fiber diameter of 2.87 ± 0.95 µm. Biocompatibility studies showed that human adipose- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSC and BMD-MSC) adhered to the scaffold surface and showed some proliferation: scaffold cell coverage was 25% after 72 h of incubation when seeded with 1000 cells/mm ; cells elongated processes along the polyamide-6, although they flattened 1.67-4 times less than on cell culture plastic. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, however, showed poor adherence and proliferation. We thus provide in vitro evidence that polyamide-6 scaffolds approximating the esophageal biomechanics and 3D topography of nonhuman primates may provide a biocompatible substrate for both AD-MSC and BMD-MSCs, supporting their adhesion and survival to some degree. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018.

Mass-Production and Characterizations of Polyvinyl Alcohol/Sodium Alginate/Graphene Porous Nanofiber Membranes Using Needleless Dynamic Linear Electrospinning

“…Considering long-term disability and poor surgery outcomes, peripheral nerve injury presents a substantial challenge to reconstructive surgeons, and autologous nerve grafts is thus a commonly employed measure [2]. Up until now, diverse natural and synthetic polymer biomaterials have been used for the development of scaffolds in the peripheral nerve tissue engineering field [3,4,5,6,7,8].…”

Electrospun Fibers of Polyester, with Both Nano- and Micron Diameters, Loaded with Antioxidant for Application as Wound Dressing or Tissue Engineered Scaffolds

“…However, they only have 2D-space for cell growth and low porosity, one of the main characteristics of the synthetic scaffolds, providing the diffusion and cellular infiltration of nutrients and metabolites . However, native extracellular matrix (ECM) of soft tissues consists of different shapes and sizes fibers such as collagen (1–20 μm, depending on the type of tissue), , elastin (0.1–0.2 μm), fibronectin (10 nm–1 μm), and laminin (5–10 nm), which have both structural and adhesive functions . It was therefore concluded that the electrospinning conditions of our study have an advantage over previously known methods.…”

Development and Prospect of Esophageal Tissue Engineering

“…From the perspective of single-layer scaffold structure, the classification mainly includes acellular matrix, membranes grafted with biomolecules, electrospinning scaffolds, micro-pattern scaffolds, etc. ( Hou et al, 2016 ; Wei et al, 2018 ; Zhuravleva et al, 2019 ; Chaitin et al, 2021 ; Levenson et al, 2021 ) ( Table 2 ). In order to accurately simulate the inner ring and outer longitudinal structure of the muscle layer, electrospinning scaffolds and micro-pattern scaffolds are mainly used ( Gong et al, 2013 ; Kuppan et al, 2017 ).…”