<i>In vitro</i>antiplasmodial activity and toxicity assessment of some plants from Nigerian ethnomedicine

Abiodun, Olufunmilola Adunni; Gbotosho, Grace O.; Ajaiyeoba, E. O.; Happi, Christian T.; Falade, Mofolusho O.; Wittlin, Sergio; Sowunmi, A.; Brun, Reto; Oduola, A. M. J.

doi:10.3109/13880209.2010.490224

Cited by 50 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Antimalarial and cytotoxicity activities of some of the plants included in this study have been described previously (Abiodun et al 2010(Abiodun et al , 2011. The antitrypanosomal activity of the following plants T. catappa, T. orientalis, I. cylindrica P. Beauv.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitrypanosomal activity of some medicinal plants from Nigerian ethnomedicine

et al. 2011

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Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with complex clinical presentation, diagnosis, and difficult treatment. The available drugs for the treatment of trypanosomiasis are old, expensive, and less effective, associated with severe adverse reactions and face the problem of drug resistance. This situation underlines the urgent need for the development of new, effective, cheap, and safe drugs for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. The search for new antitrypanosomal agents in this study is based on ethnomedicine. In vitro antitrypanosomal activity of 36 plant extracts from 10 plant species from Nigerian ethnomedicine was evaluated against bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense STIB 900. Cytotoxic activity was determined against mammalian L6 cells. Alamar blue assay was used to measure the endpoint of both antitrypanosomal and toxicity assays. The ethyl acetate extract of leaves of Ocimum gratissimum Linn. (Labiatae) showed the highest antitrypanosomal activity (IC(50) of 2.08 ± 0.01 μg/ml) and a high selective index of 29. Furthermore, the hexane, ethyl acetate, or methanol extracts of Trema orientalis (L.) Blume (Ulmaceae), Pericopsis laxiflora (Benth. ex Baker) Meeuwen, Jatropha curcas Linn. (Euphorbiaceae), Terminalia catappa Linn. (Combretaceae), and Vitex doniana Sweet (Verbenaceae) displayed remarkable antitrypanosomal activity (IC(50) 2.1-17.2 μg/ml) with high selectivity indices (20-80) for trypanosomes. The antitrypanosomal activity of T. catappa and T. orientalis against T. brucei rhodesiense (STIB 900) is being reported for the first time in Nigerian ethnomedicine, and these plants could be a potential source of antitrypanosomal agents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitrypanosomal activity of some medicinal plants from Nigerian ethnomedicine

et al. 2011

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“…The acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, hexane, and methanol leaf extracts of O. sanctum showed the highest larval mortality against fourth instar larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus (Anees 2008). Earlier authors, Abiodun et al (2010) have reported that the leaf ethyl acetate extract of O. gratissimum (Labiatae) showed the highest activity (IC 50 =1.8-1.93 μg/mL) against P. falciparum K1 strain but elicited low cytotoxicity (selective index >10). Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the ethanol extract of Zhumeria majdae led to the isolation of 12,16-dideoxy aegyptinone B and showed a strong antiplasmodial activity with IC 50 values of 1.3 and 1.4 μg/mL, respectively, against CQ-sensitive (D6, Sierra Leone) and CQ-resistant (W2, Indo China) strains of P. falciparum activity (Moein et al 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Antiplasmodial activity of botanical extracts against Plasmodium falciparum

Bagavan¹,

Rahuman²,

Kamaraj³

et al. 2010

Parasitol Res

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The absence of a vaccine and the rampant resistance to almost all antimalarial drugs have accentuated the urgent need for new antimalarial drugs and drug targets for both prophylaxis and chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to discover effective plant extracts against Plasmodium falciparum. In the present study, the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of Citrus sinensis (peel), Leucas aspera, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthus acidus (leaf), Terminalia chebula (seed) were tested for their antimalarial activity against chloroquine (CQ)-sensitive (3D7) strain of P. falciparum which was cultured following the candle-jar method. Antimalarial evaluations of daily replacement of culture medium containing CQ and different plant crude extracts were performed on 96-well plates at 37°C for 24 and 48 h. Parasitemia was determined microscopically on thin-film Giemsa-stained preparations. Plant extracts were tested for their cytotoxicity using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on human laryngeal cancer cell line (HEp-2) and normal cell line (Vero). Out of the 25 extracts tested, six showed good (IC(50) 4.76-22.76 μg/mL), 15 exhibited moderate (IC(50) 31.42-88.03 μg/mL), while four displayed mild (IC(50) > 100 μg/mL) antiplasmodial activity. The leaf ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of L. aspera; ethyl acetate, acetone, and methanol extracts of P. acidus; and seed acetone extract of T. chebula had good antiplasmodial activity (IC(50) = 7.81, 22.76, 9.37, 14.65, 12.68, and 4.76 μg/mL) with selectivity indices 5.43, 2.04, 4.88, 3.35, 3.42, and 9.97 for HEp-2 and >5.79, >2.20, >11.75, >3.41, >3.94, and >7.38 for Vero cells, respectively. These analyses have revealed for the first time that the components present in the solvent extracts of L. aspera, P. acidus, and T. chebula have antiplasmodial activity. The high antiplasmodial activity observed make these plants good candidates for isolation of anti-protozoal compounds which could serve as new lead structures for drug development.

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“…Lee et al (2008) reported the in vitro anti-malarial activity of anthothecol (IC 50 , 1.4 μM) and limonoid (IC 50 , 0.17 μM) isolated from Khaya anthotheca (Meliaceae). The ethyl acetate extract of leaves of O. gratissimum displayed a promising antiplasmodial activity (IC 50 , 1.8-1.93 μg/mL) against the P. falciparum K1 strain and a low cytotoxicity (TC 50 >10 μg/mL) (Abiodun et al 2011). The leaf hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of O. sanctum showed a moderate antiplasmodial activity against the P. falciparum 3D7 strain (IC 50 =51, 30, 36, 36 and l45 μg/ml, respectively) (Bagavan et al 2011b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is commonly found around village huts and gardens and is cultivated in West Africa for its medicinal uses and as food flavouring (Iwu 1993). The leaf ethyl acetate extract of O. gratissimum is endowed with effective in vitro anti-malarial activity against NF54 (CQ sensitive) and K1 (CQ resistant) strains of P. falciparum (Abiodun et al 2011); the hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Ocimum sanctum possess moderate activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) strain of P. falciparum (Bagavan et al 2011b), and the aqueous extract of the leaves of O. gratissimum was screened for antidiarrhoeal effects (Offiah and Chikwendu 1999). Ocimum bacilicum and Ocimum suave extracts showed good in vitro anti-malarial activity against the chloroquine-resistant strain of P. falciparum (Nguta et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiplasmodial potential of medicinal plant extracts from Malaiyur and Javadhu hills of South India

Kamaraj¹,

Kaushik

Mohanakrishnan

et al. 2011

Parasitol Res

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The emergence and spread of Plasmodium falciparum with resistance to chloroquine (CQ), the safest and cheapest anti-malarial drug, coupled with the increasing cost of alternative drugs especially in developing countries have necessitated the urgent need to tap the potential of plants for novel anti-malarials. The present study investigates the anti-malarial activity of the methanolic extracts of 13 medicinal plants from the Malaiyur and Javadhu hills of South India against blood stage CQ-sensitive (3D7) and CQ-resistant (INDO) strains of P. falciparum in culture using the fluorescence-based SYBR Green I assay. Sorbitol-synchronized parasites were incubated under normal culture conditions at 2% hematocrit and 1% parasitemia in the absence or presence of increasing concentrations of plant extracts. CQ and artemisinin were used as positive controls, while 0.4% DMSO was used as the negative control. The cytotoxic effects of extracts on host cells were assessed by functional assay using HeLa cells cultured in RPMI containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 0.21% sodium bicarbonate and 50 μg/mL gentamycin (complete medium). Plant extracts (bark methanol extracts of Annona squamosa (IC(50), 30 μg/mL), leaf extracts of Ocimum gratissimum (IC(50), 32 μg/mL), Ocimum tenuiflorum (IC(50), 31 μg/mL), Solanum torvum (IC(50), 31 μg/mL) and Justicia procumbens (IC(50), 63 μg/mL), showed moderate activity. The leaf extracts of Aristolochia indica (IC(50), 10 μg/mL), Cassia auriculata (IC(50), 14 μg/mL), Chrysanthemum indicum (IC(50), 20 μg/mL) and Dolichos biflorus (IC(50), 20 μg/mL) showed promising activity and low activity was observed in the flower methanol extracts of A. indica , leaf methanol extract of Catharanthus roseus, and Gymnema sylvestre (IC(50), >100 μg/mL). These four extracts exhibited promising IC(50) (μg/mL) of 17, 24, 19 and 24 respectively also against the CQ resistant INDO strain of P. falciparum. The high TC(50) in mammalian cell cytotoxicity assay and the low IC(50) in anti-malarial P. falciparum assay indicates selectivity and good resistance indices in the range of 0.9-1.7 for leaf extracts of A. indica, C. auriculata, C. indicum and D. biflorus suggests that these may serve as anti-malarial agents even in their crude form. These results indicate a possible explanation of the traditional use of some of these medicinal plants against malaria or malaria-like conditions.

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In vitroantiplasmodial activity and toxicity assessment of some plants from Nigerian ethnomedicine

Cited by 50 publications

References 31 publications

Antitrypanosomal activity of some medicinal plants from Nigerian ethnomedicine

Antitrypanosomal activity of some medicinal plants from Nigerian ethnomedicine

Antiplasmodial activity of botanical extracts against Plasmodium falciparum

Antiplasmodial potential of medicinal plant extracts from Malaiyur and Javadhu hills of South India

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