In Vitro Anti-inflammatory and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Tephrosia purpurea Shoot Extract

Abstract

The methanolic extract of Tephrosia purpurea (Leguminosae) shoots was evaluated in-vitro for its anti-inflammatory and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured by the Diene-conjugate, HET-CAM and β-glucuronidase methods. The enzyme inhibitory activity was tested against isolated cow milk xanthine oxidase. The average anti-inflammatory activity of T. purpurea shoot extract in the concentration range of 1-2 µg/mL in the reacting system revealed significant anti-inflammatory activities, which, as recorded by the Diene-conjugate, HET-CAM and β-glucuronidase assay methods, were 45.4, 10.5, and 70.5%, respectively. Screening of the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the extract in terms of kinetic parameters revealed a mixed type of inhibition, wherein the K m and V max values in the presence of 25 to 100 µg/mL shoot extract was 0.20 mM/mL and 0.035, 0.026, 0.023 and 0.020 µg/min, while, for the positive control, the K m and V max values were 0.21 mM/mL and 0.043 µg/min, respectively. These findings suggest that T. purpurea shoot extract may possess constituents with good medicinal properties that could be exploited to treat the diseases associated with oxidative stress, xanthine oxidase enzyme activity and inflammation.

Antioxidant, α‐Glucosidase and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Bioactive Compounds From Maize (Zea mays L.)

“…Compounds M5, M8, and M10 were found to be most effective reducing agents as compared to the other phenolics examined (Table 1). The hydroxyl radicals thus generated in the above reaction have been blamed for membrane damage to the cells in the inflammatory region (27). The profile of OH radical scavenging activity was found to be poor as compared to DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing potential (Table 1).…”

“…Kinetic analysis using Lineweaver-Burk plots ( Figure 2 ) revealed that four compounds M2, M5, M7, and M10 had a competitive type of mode of inhibition, as can be seen from similar V max and different K m values (Table 3). However, the flavonoids and phenolics, such as derivatives of quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, and myricetin, have been reported together with the antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities (27,35). Phenolics are also effective inhibitors of several enzymes including XO, cyclooxygenase, and lipoxygenase (23,34).…”

“…OH radicals have been reported to be a key player in the physiological regulation and control of cell functions (25), and also, it has been reported that in many inflammatory disorders, such as rheumatic arthritis, gout, and the reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide generates peroxynitrite that, under the acid conditions often found in regions of inflammation and ischemia, yields the hydroxyl radicals (26). The hydroxyl radicals thus generated in the above reaction have been blamed for membrane damage to the cells in the inflammatory region (27).…”

“…Thus, the phenolic constituents may play an essential role in the inhibition of XO. However, the flavonoids and phenolics, such as derivatives of quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, luteolin, and myricetin, have been reported together with the antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities (27,35). Recent findings showed that the occurrence of gout is increasing worldwide, possibly due to the changes in dietary habits such as intake of food rich in nucleic acids, such as meat and sea foods.…”

HPLC Analysis, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Cudrania tricuspidata

“…The data obtained correlate with the ethno botanical data on the use of this species in Korean folklore. material extracted with methanol (90%) using a Soxhlet apparatus for 4 h. The extract was filtered, concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure at 60 0 C in a vacuum rotator evaporator and used for activity measurements [27].…”