In vitro and in vivo effects of a novel bioactive glass‐based cement used as a direct pulp capping agent

Abstract

Direct pulp capping is an important procedure for preserving pulp viability. The pulp capping agent must possess several properties, including usability, biocompatibility, and the ability to induce reparative dentin formation. In this study, a novel bioactive glass-based cement was examined to determine whether the cement has the necessary properties to act as a direct pulp capping agent. Physicochemical properties of the bioactive glass-based cement and in vitro effects of the cement on odontoblast-like cells, as well as in vivo effects on the exposed dental pulp, were analyzed. The cement immersed in water stabilized at pH10, and hydroxyapatite-like precipitation was induced on the surface of the cement in simulate body fluid. There were no cytotoxic effects on the viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, or calcium deposition ability of odontoblast-like cells. In the in vivo rat study of an exposed dental pulp model, the cement induced a sufficient level of reparative dentin formation by odontoblast-like cells expressing odontoblastic markers at the exposed area of the dental pulp. These results suggest that the newly developed bioactive glass-based cement provides favorable biocompatibility with the dental pulp and may be useful as a direct pulp capping agent. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018.

The Effect of Calcium-Silicate Cements on Reparative Dentinogenesis Following Direct Pulp Capping on Animal Models

“…Follow-up periods of time varied among the included studies from a minimum of 7 days to up to 3 months. There were 11 studies [ 92 , 93 , 95 , 96 , 102 , 104 , 105 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 ] that had only one follow-up evaluation, 10 with two [ 97 , 98 , 100 , 101 , 106 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 ], 3 with three [ 99 , 103 , 116 ], 1 with four [ 117 ] and 1 with five [ 94 ] follow-up evaluations. After the animals were euthanized, the teeth were histologically processed so that they could be analyzed under light microscopy.…”

“…The studies we have included in this review showed that animals pulp capped with MTA showed more frequently complete formation of new dentin bridges, with tubular structures, superior morphology and a lower rate of pulpal inflammation and necrosis, when compared to CH [ 96 , 99 , 102 , 104 , 105 , 117 ]. Even though MTA is more expensive than CH [ 3 ], it may be more cost-effective due to its stable clinical results over time, compared to CH, which requires future costly reinterventions [ 138 ].…”

Current and future options for dental pulp therapy

“…From this prototype, a newly bioactive glass-based root canal sealer (Nishika Canal Sealer BG; Nippon Shika Yakuhin Co., Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan) has been developed and is now being commercially marketed. Furthermore, this cement has the ability to induce reparative dentin formation on the surface of exposed dental pulp when it is applied as a direct pulp capping agent [54]. We are now focusing on the development of an improved version of bioactive glass-based cement as a direct pulp capping material.…”

Potential Novel Strategies for the Treatment of Dental Pulp-Derived Pain: Pharmacological Approaches and Beyond

“…Bioactive materials extensively used for pulp capping have been calcium hydroxide (causing mineralization by reduction of pyrophosphate) (Farhad and Mohammadi, 2005), mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) (Torabinejad and Chivian, 1999) (a Portland cement-based substrate stimulating proliferation, migration, and differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into odontoblast-like cells to produce a collagen matrix) (Parirokh and Torabinejad, 2010; Paranjpe et al, 2011) and biodentine (a tricalcium-silicate based susbtrate with similar properties as mineral trioxide aggregate in terms of dental pulp stem cell differentiation) (Luo et al, 2014; Malkondu et al, 2014). Newer materials based on bioglass derivates are aiming to improve overall results of pulp capping, however, so far have only demonstrated decreased setting times and increased compressive strength as main favourable characteristics (Long et al, 2018; Hanada et al, 2019). Addressing the issue of biofilm formation, Yang et al added the antimicrobial quaternary ammonium salt monomer 2-methacryloxylethyl dodecyl methyl ammonium bromide to Portland cement, and could demonstrate a Streptococcus mutans -inhibiting effect for up to 6 months (Yang et al, 2014).…”