In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic activity of Citrullus colocynthis pulpy flesh with seeds hydro-ethanolic extract

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec id="j_jcim-2018-0228_s_006_w2aab3b7c48b1b6b1aab1c14b1Aa"><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes is the one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Traditionally phytotherapy is widely being used for diabetes treatment and highly valued. <jats:italic>Citrus colocynthis</jats:italic> has known anti-diabetic potential. However, anti-diabetic potential of hydro-ethanolic extract of <jats:italic>C. colocynthis</jats:italic> pulpy flesh with seeds is not reported yet.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_jcim-2018-0228_s_007_w2aab3b7c48b1b6b1aab1c14b2Aa"><jats:title>Methods</jats:title><jats:p>The extract of <jats:italic>C. colocynthis</jats:italic> pulpy flesh with seeds was done by maceration method using 70% ethanol. To evaluate anti-diabetic and antioxidant potential of the seeded fruit <jats:italic>in vitro</jats:italic>, α-glucosidase and DPPH inhibition assays was done, respectively. <jats:italic>In vivo</jats:italic> study used streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes model of rats. Rats were randomized in five groups i. e. normal control, negative control, standard control, <jats:italic>C. colocynthis</jats:italic> 150 and 300 mg/kg. STZ was administered to all groups except normal control. After wards, plant extract and glibenclamide is continued for 14 days. Blood samples were collected from rat tail vein daily and from Cardiac puncture at the end of study. The blood glucose levels were monitored daily by using one-touch blood glucose monitoring system. The blood glucose level was monitored on 0, 1st, 5th, 8th, 11th, and 14th day of induction.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_jcim-2018-0228_s_008_w2aab3b7c48b1b6b1aab1c14b3Aa"><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Hydro-ethanolic extract of <jats:italic>C. colocynthis</jats:italic> pulpy flesh with seeds was able to decolorize DPPH and therefore possess antioxidant potential, continuous administration for 14 days showed a marked decrease in serum glucose levels (p 0.01) it is found to be somewhat less effective as glibenclamide (standard control) (p 0.001). A time-dependent decrease in blood glucose levels was observed (351.3 ± 4 to 258 m/kg).</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="j_jcim-2018-0228_s_009_w2aab3b7c48b1b6b1aab1c14b4Aa"><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Hydro-ethanolic extract of <jats:italic>C. colocynthis</jats:italic> pulpy flesh with seeds lowered the serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels in diabetic rats significantly as compared to negative control. The hypoglycemic effect of hydro-ethanolic extract of <jats:italic>C. colocynthis</jats:italic> pulpy flesh with seeds is may be due to α-glucosidase inhibition potential.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad (Bitter Apple Fruit): Promising Traditional Uses, Pharmacological Effects, Aspects, and Potential Applications

“…The hydro-ethanolic pulpy flesh of C. colocynthis also demonstrated an exceptional anti-hyperglycemic effect in a diabetic rat at the dose rate of 300 mg/kg by decreasing its blood glucose and triglyceride, and cholesterol levels. In vitro testing also showed that C. colocynthis inhibited glucosidase, which is responsible for postprandial hyperglycemia, strongly indicating that it is a potential candidate for a hyperglycemia treatment ( Ghauri et al, 2020 ).…”

Pharmacological Activities and In-Silico Studies of Bioactive Compounds Identified in Organic Fractions of the Methanolic Extract ofCitrullus Colocynthis

“…14 C. colocynthis has been used extensively to cure diabetes in folk medicine and contains various biologically active compounds that cause hypoglycaemic effect by inhibiting activity of α-glucosidase. 15 Phenolic compounds (galloylepicatechin) derived from C. colocynthis exhibit antidiabetic potential with no side effects and are attributed as a very low-cost treatment of diabetes and related disorders. 16 The aim of this research was to perform the detailed and indepth phytochemical analysis and to explore the biological potential of bioactive compounds isolated from active fractions of methanolic extract of C. colocynthis.…”

“… 14 C. colocynthis has been used extensively to cure diabetes in folk medicine and contains various biologically active compounds that cause hypoglycaemic effect by inhibiting activity of α-glucosidase. 15 Phenolic compounds (galloylepicatechin) derived from C. colocynthis exhibit antidiabetic potential with no side effects and are attributed as a very low-cost treatment of diabetes and related disorders. 16…”

Investigation of Neuroprotective and Antiparkinson’s Activity of Citrullus colocynthis Fruit

“…16 This plant is used in traditional Iranian medicine (TIM) for the treatment of diabetes, abortifacients, epilepsy, jaundice, and asthma due to its many pharmacologic actions. 17,18 Many additional pharmacological qualities have been described, including diuretic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anticancerous, antioxidant, and anti-microbial. 19 In this study, the fruit of C. colocynthis was investigated for its anti-Parkinson's activity using in-vivo biochemical and behavioural experiments in albino Wistar rats, based on the features indicated previously in the literature.…”