In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of Essential Oil from the Seed of Anethum graveolens L. against Candida spp.

Abstract

The essential oil produced from the seed of Anethum graveolens L. (Umbelliferae) was tested in vitro and in vivo anti-Candida activity. The microbroth dilution method was used in the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), according to M27-A3 of the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). And then, efficacy evaluation of essential oil in the prophylaxis and treatment of experimental vaginal candidiasis was performed in immunosuppressed mice. The anti-Candida activity was analyzed by microbiological and histological techniques and was compared with that of fluconazole (FCZ). The results showed essential oil was active in vitro against all tested strains, with MICs ranging from 0.312 μL/mL (for C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. krusei) to 0.625 μL/mL (for 6 isolated C. albicans strains). Essential oil (2% v/v) was highly efficacious in accelerating C. albicans 09-1555 clearance from experimentally infected mice vagina by prophylaxis and therapeutic treatments. In both therapeutic efficacy and prophylaxis studies, the histological findings confirmed the microbiological results. The experimental results revealed that the tested essential oil is effective against vulvovaginal candidiasis in immunosuppressed mice.

Chemical composition of essential oils from the apiaceae family, cytotoxicity, and their antifungal activity in vitro against candida species from oral cavity

“…In the chromatography analysis of the essential oil of A. graveolens, the principal identified constituents were Carvone, Apiol, D-limonene, Dihydrocarvone and Trans-dihydrocarvone agreeing with the studies by Zeng et al (2011);Tian et al (2011), featuring the carvone, limonene and apiol as the majority compounds.…”

“…clinical isolates. In the study by Zeng et al (2011), using the broth microdilution technic (MIC), microbiological and histological technics in mice, demonstrated that dill was active in vitro and in vivo against all the Candida species tested. Yili et al (2009), analyzed the MIC through the Barry method, with an ethylene oxide addition, and they found inhibition results of 0.00273 mg.mL -1 in C. albicans, affirming that the yeast growth, sharply decreased with this component addition in the nutrient medium.…”

Antifungal activity of chemotype essential oils from rosemary against <i>Candida albicans</i>

“…Oral candidiasis is normally treated with antifungal agents such as nystatin, miconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole, imidazole, triazole and amphotericin B. However, occasional consumption of the effective dose cannot be tolerated due to side effects [7,8]. In addition, these agents may induce antifungal resistance in C. albicans [9][10][11][12].…”

Dill in traditional medicine and modern phytotherapy

“…Etarsko ulje ploda mirođije deluje antifungalno na soj Candida albicans [59], kao i na Aspergillus flavus [60], tako što pogađa citoplazmatičnu membranu i mitohondrije ovih gljiva [60,61]. Etarsko ulje ploda mirođije inhibira i rast A. niger i Sacharomyces cerevisae [62].…”