<i>In vitro</i>
 activity of antifungals in combination with essential oils against the oomycete <i>Pythium insidiosum</i>

Valente, Júlia de Souza Silveira; Fonseca, Anelise O.S.; Denardi, Laura Bedin; Ben, Vanessa Silveira Dal; Filho, F. S. Maia; Zambrano, Cristina Gomes; Braga, Caroline Quintana; Alves, Sydney Hartz; Botton, Sônia de Ávila; Pereira, Daniela Isabel Brayer

doi:10.1111/jam.13234

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Compared to imidazoles, triazoles generally exhibited a broader MIC range. MICs of itraconazole were reportedly different from study to study (Table 1), ranging from 1 to >128 μg/ml [69,72,86,87,88,95,107,117,121,123,125,126,132]. Voriconazole and fluconazole had MICs greater than 16 μg/ml [88,107,121] and 32 μg/ml [88,122], respectively, against Brazilian isolates of P. insidiosum.…”

Section: Azolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, administration of terbinafine, usually in combination with itraconazole, has shown a favorable response in only a few pythiosis patients [7,72,117,120]. MICs of terbinafine varied (range: 0.5-128 μg/ml), depending on P. insidiosum strains tested (i.e., different genotypes) and the susceptibility methods used (i.e., broth dilution and radial growth) [69,72,86,87,88,95,107,109,117,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,132] (Table 1). Because P. insidiosum lacks the ERG1-encoding gene [69], it is still mysterious about how terbinafine exhibits antimicrobial activity against some strains of this pathogen.…”

Section: Allylaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plant-extracted essential oils from Origanum vulgare, Origanum majorana, Mentha piperita, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Melaleuca alternifolia have shown in vitro antimicrobial effect against P. insidiosum (Table 3). For example, O. vulgare-derived oil mainly consisted of carvacrol (71-93%), possessed MICs of 50-1,750 μg/ml [94,126,148], and the purified carvacrol had MICs of 80-320 μg/ml [123]. The extracted oils from O. majorana (containing 34% of 4-terpineol), M. piperita (30-58% of menthone) and R. officinalis (65% of 1,8-cineole) demonstrated MICs of 50-3,500 μg/ml, 110-3,500 μg/ml, and 110-3, 500 μg/ml, respectively [94,126,148].…”

Section: Plant-extracted Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, O. vulgare-derived oil mainly consisted of carvacrol (71-93%), possessed MICs of 50-1,750 μg/ml [94,126,148], and the purified carvacrol had MICs of 80-320 μg/ml [123]. The extracted oils from O. majorana (containing 34% of 4-terpineol), M. piperita (30-58% of menthone) and R. officinalis (65% of 1,8-cineole) demonstrated MICs of 50-3,500 μg/ml, 110-3,500 μg/ml, and 110-3, 500 μg/ml, respectively [94,126,148]. M. alternifolia oil (containing 40-52% of terpinene-4-ol) exhibited MICs of 531-2,125 μg/ml [94,126,149].…”

Section: Plant-extracted Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extracted oils from O. majorana (containing 34% of 4-terpineol), M. piperita (30-58% of menthone) and R. officinalis (65% of 1,8-cineole) demonstrated MICs of 50-3,500 μg/ml, 110-3,500 μg/ml, and 110-3, 500 μg/ml, respectively [94,126,148]. M. alternifolia oil (containing 40-52% of terpinene-4-ol) exhibited MICs of 531-2,125 μg/ml [94,126,149]. Similarly, nanoemulsion (mixed with 1% of M. alternifolia oil)…”

Section: Plant-extracted Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

Yolanda

Krajaejun

2020

Heliyon

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Pythiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the oomycete microorganism Pythium insidiosum. The disease has been increasingly diagnosed worldwide. P. insidiosum inhabits freshwater and presents in two forms: mycelium and zoospore. Clinical manifestations of pythiosis include an infection of the artery, eye, skin, or gastrointestinal tract. The management of pythiosis is problematic due to the lack of effective treatment. Many patients die from an uncontrolled infection. The drug susceptibility testing provides clinicallyuseful information that could lead to proper drug selection against P. insidiosum. Currently, no standard CLSI protocol for the drug susceptibility of P. insidiosum is available. This review aims at describing methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against P. insidiosum. Several in-house in vitro susceptibility methods (i.e., broth microdilution method, radial growth method, and agar diffusion method) have been established for P. insidiosum. Either mycelium or zoospore can be an inoculum. Rabbit is the commonly-used model of pythiosis for in vivo drug susceptibility testing. Based on the susceptibility results (i.e., minimal inhibitory concentration and inhibition zone), several antibacterial and antifungal drugs, alone or combination, exhibited an in vitro or in vivo effect against P. insidiosum. Some distinct compounds, antiseptic agents, essential oils, and plant extracts, also show anti-P. insidiosum activities. Successfully medical treatment, guided by the drug susceptibility data, has been reported in some pythiosis patients. Future studies should emphasize finding a novel and effective anti-P. insidiosum drug, standardizing in vitro susceptibility method and correlating drug susceptibility data and clinical outcome of pythiosis patients for a better interpretation of the susceptibility results.

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Section: Azolesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Allylaminesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant-extracted Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant-extracted Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant-extracted Essential Oilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

Yolanda

Krajaejun

2020

Heliyon

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Bioactivities of Origanum vulgare L.: an update

2017

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Anti-Pythium insidiosum activity of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants

Silveira

Braga

Bermann

et al. 2022

Letters in Applied Microbiology

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Pythiosis is a serious disease caused by the aquatic oomycete Pythium insidiosum that mainly affects mammals. Unlike fungal and bacterial resistance induced by the indiscriminate use of drugs, P. insidiosum has low susceptibility to antifungal drugs. In this sense, essential oils and their major components emerge as a promising treatment line for this disease. Given the above, this study sought to verify P. insidiosum (n = 34) susceptibility to the bioactive compounds eugenol, α-terpineol, menthol, and carvacrol and correlate them with the respective essential oils of Eugenia caryophyllata, Melaleuca alternifolia, Mentha piperita, and Origanum vulgare. The essential oils and bioactive compounds were purchased commercially and tested according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol M38-A2. Our findings showed that eugenol, α-terpineol, and carvacrol had superior anti-P. insidiosum action than their respective essential oils, suggesting that they may be responsible for inhibitory activity against P. insidiosum. Notably, the major compound with the best anti-P. insidiosum activity was α-terpineol; nonetheless, menthol showed less activity than its essential oil. The results imply that essential oils and their major compounds may be important allies in treating pythiosis, expanding the perspectives of developing new drugs with anti-P. insidiosum activity.

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In vitro activity of antifungals in combination with essential oils against the oomycete Pythium insidiosum

Abstract: The antimicrobial combinations using EOs with terbinafine or itraconazole can be an attractive therapeutic option for controlling P. insidiosum infections.

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

Review of methods and antimicrobial agents for susceptibility testing against Pythium insidiosum

Bioactivities of Origanum vulgare L.: an update

Anti-Pythium insidiosum activity of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants

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