In silico-driven identification of novel molluscicides effective against Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)

Abstract

Schistosomiasis control in endemic areas depends on several factors, including mass drug delivery programs and interrupting the transmission of disease by controlling the intermediate snail hosts in freshwater ecosystem using...

Toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effect of plumbagin in the developmental stages of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818‐intermediate host) and cercaricidal activity against the infectious agent of schistosomiasis mansoni

“…From the in silico identification of naphthoquinone compounds and their molluscicidal experimental evaluation, Santos et al ., report behavioral changes in B. glabrata such as lethargy, confinement in the shell and mucus secretion 21 . In our study, after 6 h of exposure to plumbagin, these same behavioral changes were visualized, in addition to the release of hemolymph, suggesting rupture of the external membranes 21 .…”

“…As a rule, derivatives with non‐polar substituents presented the highest molluscicidal activities. According to our results, we believe that plumbagin had a better molluscicidal effect, reaching lower LC 50 values when compared to other compounds due to its methyl radicals 21,38–41 . (Table 1).…”

“…Santos et al . evaluated the toxicity of 14 naphthoquinone compounds against blastula, considered seven of these compounds promising molluscicide once they have reached unviability in LC 50 ranging from 00.45–27.68 μM 21 . The toxicity of lapachol and isolapachol on B. glabrata blastula was evaluated by Lima et al .…”

“…Among several natural secondary metabolites produced by plants used in traditional medicine and pharmaceutical industries, naphthoquinones, a class of naphthalene derivatives, have a broad pharmacological and biological spectrum 17,18 . Studies have reported the action of naphthoquinones against immature stages and adults of S. mansoni and S. haematobium , and toxicity against embryos and adults of the species B. alexandrina, B. glabrata and Bulinus truncatus , vectors of medical importance 19–21 . The naphthoquinone plumbagin (5‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (Fig.…”

“…17,18 Studies have reported the action of naphthoquinones against immature stages and adults of S. mansoni and S. haematobium, and toxicity against embryos and adults of the species B. alexandrina, B. glabrata and Bulinus truncatus, vectors of medical importance. [19][20][21] The naphthoquinone plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (Fig. 1)) is isolated from several species of the Plumbago genus and stands out for its antioxidant, 22 anti-inflammatory, 22 antibacterial and antifungal activities, 23 anti-tumor activities, and in cell apoptosis.…”