“I Hate When They Do That!” Netiquette in Mourning and Memorialization Among Danish Facebook Users

Do not Click “Like” When Somebody has Died: The Role of Norms for Mourning Practices in Social Media

“…As stated before, social media norms for mourning are to some extent influenced by norms also applying to offline contexts (Marwick & Ellison, 2012;McLaughlin & Vitak, 2012;Sabra, 2017;Walter, 2015). Moreover, several authors have claimed that social media technologies are responsible for shifts in traditional social and cultural norms on mourning and emotion expression, as well as on social interactions between mourners (Jakoby & Reiser, 2013;Kern & Gil-Egui, 2016;Nansen, Kohn, Arnold, van Ryn, & Gibbs, 2017;Walter, 2015).…”

“…Contrarily, the use of originally mourning-unrelated spaces and platforms such as social network profiles is often considered inappropriate. This seems to be due to the dominating norms of positivity associated with social media, the perceived casualty, and shallowness of the platforms in which users appear to be threatened by the display of negative emotions (Brubaker et al, 2013; Sabra, 2017; Walter, 2015). Furthermore, grief is closely related to matters of privacy and intimacy in the eyes of the users, which means that publicly sharing affect and linking it to self-presentation lead users to doubting the authenticity of the displayed emotions (Sabra, 2017).…”

“…This seems to be due to the dominating norms of positivity associated with social media, the perceived casualty, and shallowness of the platforms in which users appear to be threatened by the display of negative emotions (Brubaker et al, 2013; Sabra, 2017; Walter, 2015). Furthermore, grief is closely related to matters of privacy and intimacy in the eyes of the users, which means that publicly sharing affect and linking it to self-presentation lead users to doubting the authenticity of the displayed emotions (Sabra, 2017). Overall, however, norms on the use of social media for mourning purposes seem to depend on the types of mourning practices intended to display, which apparently possess varying degrees of appropriateness: studies show that using social media for sharing information related to the passing and funeral of an individual, as well as for practices of memorialization, are deemed acceptable, whereas using social media for the public sharing and expression of grief is often frowned upon (Bell, Bailey, & Kennedy, 2015; Brubaker et al, 2013; Sabra, 2017).…”

“…First, norms both guiding and restricting users’ sharing of mourning-related content became evident in the review: For the case of posting in social media, for instance, norms refer to what the appropriate contents for sharing are (i.e., pictures, text-based tributes, and condolences) (Giaxoglou, 2015). Besides, users report that due to the nature of social media, religious contents and the display of belief systems in mourning is not appropriate and should thus be dismissed (Sabra, 2017). Second, and most prominently, norms regarding the “appropriate” amount of emotion shared and the “adequate” display of grief appear to be prevalent in social media platforms (see feeling and display rules , Jakoby, 2012; feeling rules and emotional “wrongness” , Sabra, 2017): mourning-related information should be moderate in duration, intensity, and expression of grief and negative emotion when posted; at the same time, grief is judged as insincere and inauthentic if “light contents” and heavy contents of mourning are alternately posted by a user (Jakoby, 2012; Sabra, 2017).…”

Propaganda No Facebook Funciona? Mensuração E Elaboração De Uma Escala De Atitude

“…Uma exceção a este comportamento é o estudode Andreassen et al (2012) que se propôs a elaborar uma escala de mensuração sobre o vício dos usuários com esta plataforma. Outro estudo que investigou atitudes no facebook ® foi a proposição deSabra (2017), este, por sua vez, abriu mão de adotar uma escala já existente e elaborou um estudo de duas etapas, onde os itens do instrumento surgem ao longo do processo. Outro caso de autores que propuseram instrumento próprio para tal objetivo foi Chen e Kimlin (2015).Sendo assim, a decisão de elaborar uma escala de mensuração de atitude em relação a propaganda no facebook ® é sustentada pela necessidade de se criar um instrumento específico para o construto desejado objetivando a otimização da mensuração (LUCIAN; DORNELAS, 2015).…”