Gynostemma pentaphyllumsaponins attenuate inflammationin vitroandin vivoby inhibition of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling

Abstract

Recent advances in the development of anti-inflammatory agents have improved their therapeutic outcome in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however, the presence of side effects and limited effectiveness hinder their widespread use. Therefore, novel compounds with strong anti-inflammatory efficacy are still required. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect and potential mechanisms of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino saponins (GpS), a major component of the herbal medicine widely used in Asian countries. In in vitro studies, we demonstrated that GpS dose dependently suppressed activation of macrophages, one of the main effectors in IBD. GpS also suppressed cytokine production and the activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages, without affecting their viability. Further in vivo studies demonstrated that GpS could ameliorate the weight loss, increased disease activity index, colon shortening and histological damage associated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. In agreement with results from our in vitro experiments, GpS suppressed cytokine production and activation of NF-κB and STAT3 signaling in the colons of DSS-induced mice.In this study, we present for the first time, evidence of the therapeutic effect of GpS in IBD, highlighting its potential as an effective therapeutic against the disease.

Allicin Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion in Vitro and in Vivo via SHP-1-Mediated STAT3 Signaling in Cholangiocarcinoma

“…In our study, we focused on how allicin inhibits CCA cell proliferation and invasion through STAT3 signaling. STAT3 is a key transcription factor involved in inflammation [44], angiogenesis [45], migration, and proliferation [46]. It is considered as an oncogene due to its tumor-promoting effect.…”

Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety

“…Phytochemical analysis found that G. pentaphyllum extracts contain gypenoside saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and amino acids (Zheng, 2004;Nookabkaew et al, 2006;Yan et al, 2013). Its biological effects can range from antimicrobial (Srichana et al, 2011), antioxidant (Muller et al, 2012), anticancer (Schild et al, 2010), anti-inflammatory (Wong et al, 2017), antidiabetic (Yeo et al, 2008;Huyen et al, 2012), antilipidemic (la Cour et al, 1995), and neuroprotective (Keilhoff et al, 2017) to anti-obesity effects (Gauhar et al, 2012;. It has been used to treat hepatitis and hypertension (Lin et al, 2000).…”

Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6N Mice by Upregulating SIRT1

“…Phytochemical studies have revealed that G. pentaphyllum contains saponins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins, and some essential elements [9,10,11,12]. In vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that extracts of G. pentaphyllum exert various beneficial bioactivities, including antimicrobial [13], antioxidant [14,15], anticancer [16,17], anti-inflammatory [17,18], antidiabetic [19,20,21], antilipidemic [22], neuroprotective [23], and anti-obesity [24,25] activities. The major bioactive phytochemicals of G. pentaphyllum are dammarane-type triterpene saponins called gypenosides [26,27].…”