Gynostemma Pentaphyllum Extract Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in C57BL/6N Mice by Upregulating SIRT1

Abstract

Gynostemma pentaphyllum is widely used in Asia as a herbal medicine to treat type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Here, we investigated the anti-obesity effect and underlying mechanism of G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) enriched in gypenoside L, gypenoside LI, and ginsenoside Rg3 and obtained using a novel extraction method. Five-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were fed a control diet (CD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day GPE (GPE 100), HFD + 300 mg/kg BW/day GPE (GPE 300), or HFD + 30 mg/kg BW/day Orlistat (Orlistat 30) for 8 weeks. The HFD-fed mice showed significant increases in body weight, fat mass, white adipose tissue, and adipocyte hypertrophy compared to the CD group; but GPE inhibited those increases. GPE reduced serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol, without affecting HDL-cholesterol. GPE significantly increased AMPK activation and suppressed adipogenesis by decreasing the mRNA expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP1c), PPARγ coactivator-1α, fatty acid synthase (FAS), adipocyte protein 2 (AP2), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and by increasing that of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT1) and hormone- sensitive lipase (HSL). This study demonstrated the ameliorative effect of GPE on obesity and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanism.

Gymnaster Koraiensis Extract Alleviated Metabolic Syndrome Symptoms and Stimulated UCP1‐Independent Energy Consumption via AMPK Activation in White Adipose Tissue

“…It was one of the first anti‐obesity drugs that were developed, and has been used as a positive control in many studies that test the effectiveness of plant extracts despite its distinctive mechanism of action. [ 25–27 ] Until now, only five drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for commercial use. [ 28 ] Most of them regulate hormones associated with satiety and their intake result in decreased food intake.…”

Protective Effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (var. Ginpent) against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Motor Alteration in Mice

“…The studies present in the scientific literature exclusively concern the variety Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GTM) in several models [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Furthermore, the uses of GTM in traditional medicine are diverse, including the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, liver disorders, fat tissue disorders, and inflammatory and oncological pathologies [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

“…Makino (GTM) in several models [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Furthermore, the uses of GTM in traditional medicine are diverse, including the treatment of bronchitis, asthma, liver disorders, fat tissue disorders, and inflammatory and oncological pathologies [ 21 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. GTM could reduce inflammatory heart damage by inhibiting the activation of NF- κ B p65 via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in the H9c2 cell model [ 26 ].…”

Application of Network Pharmacology to Elucidate The Potential Mechanism of Finger Citron Against Obesity

“…Several anti-obesity drugs have been marketed in the last few years but have been successively withdrawn because of serious adverse effects. Only a few drugs are currently approved useful for the long-term management of weight loss with prominent side effects [4,5]. Herbal remedies are recognized as an important roles inhuman health care as they have few adverse outcomes [6].…”

“…Herbal remedies are recognized as an important roles inhuman health care as they have few adverse outcomes [6]. Therefore, there is a growing interest in herbal remedies and functional foods [4,5]. However, low bioavailability is a concern, as it may limit or even interfere with the effectiveness of herbal remedies and remains a major challenge in the development of clinically useful functional foods and medicines.…”