<i>GNOM‐LIKE 2</i>, Encoding an Adenosine Diphosphate‐Ribosylation Factor‐Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Protein Homologous to GNOM and GNL1, is Essential for Pollen Germination in <i>Arabidopsis</i>

Jia, Dongjie; Cao, Xi; Wang, Wei; Tan, Xinqiu; Zhang, Xue-Qin; Chen, Li‐Qun; Ye, De

doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2009.00858.x

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Alexander staining was performed as described by Alexander (1969). β-Glucuronidase (GUS) staining was performed as described by Jia et al (2009). For Calcofluor and Pontamine Fast Scarlet 4B (S4B; Sigma) staining (Hoch et al , 2005; Anderson et al , 2009), quartets were cultured in vitro at 16 °C for 12 h and then fixed and stained with Calcofluor and S4B as described by Anderson et al (2009) and Dardelle et al (2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis CSLD1 and CSLD4 are required for cellulose deposition and normal growth of pollen tubes

Wang

Chen

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The cell wall is important for pollen tube growth, but little is known about the molecular mechanism that controls cell wall deposition in pollen tubes. Here, the functional characterization of the pollen-expressed Arabidopsis cellulose synthase-like D genes CSLD1 and CSLD4 that are required for pollen tube growth is reported. Both CSLD1 and CSLD4 are highly expressed in mature pollen grains and pollen tubes. The CSLD1 and CSLD4 proteins are located in the Golgi apparatus and transported to the plasma membrane of the tip region of growing pollen tubes, where cellulose is actively synthesized. Mutations in CSLD1 and CSLD4 caused a significant reduction in cellulose deposition in the pollen tube wall and a remarkable disorganization of the pollen tube wall layers, which disrupted the genetic transmission of the male gametophyte. In csld1 and csld4 single mutants and in the csld1 csld4 double mutant, all the mutant pollen tubes exhibited similar phenotypes: the pollen tubes grew extremely abnormally both in vitro and in vivo, which indicates that CSLD1 and CSLD4 are not functionally redundant. Taken together, these results suggest that CSLD1 and CSLD4 play important roles in pollen tube growth, probably through participation in cellulose synthesis of the pollen tube wall.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis CSLD1 and CSLD4 are required for cellulose deposition and normal growth of pollen tubes

Wang

Chen

et al. 2011

Journal of Experimental Botany

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“…A mutant defective in GNL1, a gene encoding a GNOM-like protein, showed reduced pollen competitiveness in Arabidopsis (Richter et al 2007;Teh and Moore 2007) while RNAi-mediated reduction in expression of a tobacco GNL1 inhibited pollen germination and tube growth (Wang et al 2008). A mutant in GNL2, another gene encoding a GNOM-like protein, also had inhibited pollen germination (Jia et al 2009). These results indicate that ARF GTPase-regulated endosome trafficking is also critical for pollen tube growth.…”

Section: Arf Gtpasesmentioning

confidence: 95%

The regulation of vesicle trafficking by small GTPases and phospholipids during pollen tube growth

Zhang

McCormick

2009

Sex Plant Reprod

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Polarized and directional growth of pollen tubes is the only means by which immotile sperm of flowering plants reach the deeply embedded female gametes for fertilization. Vesicle trafficking is among the most critical cellular activities for pollen tube growth. Vesicle trafficking maintains membrane homeostasis during rapid tube growth and provides polarity information by regulating protein/lipid compositions of different membrane compartments. In this review, we will focus on two classes of factors that orchestrate vesicle trafficking, small GTPases and phospholipids. We discuss the features of small GTPases and phospholipids that make them ideal components to regulate vesicle trafficking, review recent advances in understanding their involvement in vesicle trafficking, and propose directions for future research.

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“…In addition, pollen germination defects were observed in the corresponding Arabidopsis mutants, gnom-like 2-1 ( gnl2-1 ) and gnl2-2 . These results suggest that GNL2-related traffic plays an important role in pollen germination (Jia et al, 2009). Thus, ARF-GEF-mediated vesicular trafficking is tightly correlated with plant developmental processes, including early embryonic development and sexual plant reproduction (Jia et al, 2009; Du et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Molecular mechanisms of Sar/Arf GTPases in vesicular trafficking in yeast and plants

2014

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Small GTPase proteins play essential roles in the regulation of vesicular trafficking systems in eukaryotic cells. Two types of small GTPases, secretion-associated Ras-related protein (Sar) and ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf), act in the biogenesis of transport vesicles. Sar/Arf GTPases function as molecular switches by cycling between active, GTP-bound and inactive, GDP-bound forms, catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and GTPase-activating proteins, respectively. Activated Sar/Arf GTPases undergo a conformational change, exposing the N-terminal amphipathic α-helix for insertion into membranes. The process triggers the recruitment and assembly of coat proteins to the membranes, followed by coated vesicle formation and scission. In higher plants, Sar/Arf GTPases also play pivotal roles in maintaining the dynamic identity of organelles in the secretory pathway. Sar1 protein strictly controls anterograde transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the recruitment of plant COPII coat components onto membranes. COPII vesicle transport is responsible for the organization of highly conserved polygonal ER networks. In contrast, Arf proteins contribute to the regulation of multiple trafficking routes, including transport through the Golgi complex and endocytic transport. These transport systems have diversified in the plant kingdom independently and exhibit several plant-specific features with respect to Golgi organization, endocytic cycling, cell polarity and cytokinesis. The functional diversification of vesicular trafficking systems ensures the multicellular development of higher plants. This review focuses on the current knowledge of Sar/Arf GTPases, highlighting the molecular details of GTPase regulation in vesicle formation in yeast and advances in knowledge of the characteristics of vesicle trafficking in plants.

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GNOM‐LIKE 2, Encoding an Adenosine Diphosphate‐Ribosylation Factor‐Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor Protein Homologous to GNOM and GNL1, is Essential for Pollen Germination in Arabidopsis

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Arabidopsis CSLD1 and CSLD4 are required for cellulose deposition and normal growth of pollen tubes

Arabidopsis CSLD1 and CSLD4 are required for cellulose deposition and normal growth of pollen tubes

The regulation of vesicle trafficking by small GTPases and phospholipids during pollen tube growth

Molecular mechanisms of Sar/Arf GTPases in vesicular trafficking in yeast and plants

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