Ginkgo bilobaExtract Improves Insulin Signaling and Attenuates Inflammation in Retroperitoneal Adipose Tissue Depot of Obese Rats

Abstract

Due to the high incidence and severity of obesity and its related disorders, it is highly desirable to develop new strategies to treat or even to prevent its development. We have previously described that Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) improved insulin resistance and reduced body weight gain of obese rats. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the effect of GbE on both inflammatory cascade and insulin signaling in retroperitoneal fat depot of diet-induced obese rats. Rats were fed with high fat diet for 2 months and thereafter treated for 14 days with 500 mg/kg of GbE. Rats were then euthanized and samples from retroperitoneal fat depot were used for western blotting, RT-PCR, and ELISA experiments. The GbE treatment promoted a significant reduction on both food/energy intake and body weight gain in comparison to the nontreated obese rats. In addition, a significant increase of both Adipo R1 and IL-10 gene expressions and IR and Akt phosphorylation was also observed, while NF-κB p65 phosphorylation and TNF-α levels were significantly reduced. Our data suggest that GbE might have potential as a therapy to treat obesity-related metabolic diseases, with special interest to treat obese subjects resistant to adhere to a nutritional education program.

Ginkgolide B lowers body weight and ameliorates hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice correlated with pregnane X receptor activation

“…28 It is impressive that the previous studies have revealed the Ginkgo biloba extract could improve metabolic disorders in obese mice through targeting different receptors. 17,30 However, we found GB only enhanced hPXR transactivity, but not PPARa, PPARb, PPARg, LXRa, LXRb and FXR transactivities. Herein, we suspected GB may regular metabolic through PXR pathway.…”

“…40 However, our study shown that GB displayed no change of the expression of MCP-1, IL-1b and TNF-a in the liver of DIO mice, although Ginkgo biloba extract attenuates inammation in retroperitoneal adipose tissue depot of obese rats. 30 This difference may be caused by the animal model. In our study, the liver of DIO mice did not show signicant inammation response.…”

“…Fasting glucose levels were determined from the tail vein (0 min) before the injection of glucose (1 g kg À1 body weight). Then blood samples were collected at regular intervals (15,30,60, 90 and 120 min) for glucose tolerance tests.…”

Ginkgo bilobaL.: Phytochemical components and antioxidant activity

“…Thus, more studies are needed to establish if oxidative stress is the cause or the consequence of therapeutic properties of G. biloba extracts. For instance, G. biloba extracts have antiinflammatory properties in different in vitro and in vivo models (Apetz et al, 2014;Siegel et al, 2014;Tisato et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2014;Hirata et al, 2015) and the inhibition of inflammatory response can decrease the oxidative stress. In short, the complex interplay between primary cellular responses and oxidative stress in chronic degenerative diseases and the modulation of this interaction by plant extracts need more detailed studies.…”

The pharmacokinetics study of ginkgolide A, B and the effect of food on bioavailability after oral administration of ginkgolide extracts in beagle dogs

“…Ginkgolides, extracted from the Ginkgo biloba leaf, are a group of ingredients with a wide range of pharmacological activity, including neuroprotective (Ahlemeyer & Krieglstein, ; Calapai et al, ; Kim, Lee, Lee, & Kim, ; Saleem, Zhuang, Biswal, Christen, & Dore, ) and anti‐inflammatory effects (Hirata et al, ; Ilieva et al, ; Lippi, Targher, & Guidi, ). They are also natural antagonists of the platelet‐activating factor receptor (Kurihara, Wardlaw, Moqbel, & Kay, ; Lamant, Mauco, Braquet, Chap, & Douste‐Blazy, ), and show promising effects on neuronal damage and cardiac diseases (Haines et al, ; Smith, Maclennan, & Darlington, ).…”