<i>Giardia duodenalis</i> in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study

Rehbein, Sina; Klotz, Christian; Ignatius, Ralf; Müller, Elisabeth; Aebischer, Toni; Kohn, Barbara

doi:10.1111/zph.12541

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In the current study, G. duodenalis was found in 3.9% of feline fecal samples. These results were similar to those obtained in household cats from Spain (5.9%), but lower than in Germany (14%) and Greece (15.6%) [11,21,31]. We found no statistically significant differences regarding age, breed or fecal condition in cats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…However, some authors reported that DNA amplification can be difficult due to PCR inhibitors in feces [38]. Our study showed lower percentage of positive samples (6%) than some other recent publications on household dogs in Europe involving molecular methods (29% in Spain, 12.9% in Greece, 42% in Germany) [11,21,31]. High frequency of Giardia noted in Germany can be connected with lower number of examined samples and this result cannot be representative for the entire country.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

“…In recent years, the infection rate of G. duodenalis in Europe ranged from 0.8% (Switzerland) to 42% (Germany) and from 5.9% (Spain) to 20.5% (Greece) in dogs and cats, respectively [ 11 , 21 , 31 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Household Dogs and Cats from Poland

et al. 2020

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Background Giardia duodenalis is a widespread protozoan parasite affecting humans and many species of animals, including dogs and cats. Due to its zoonotic potential, it is important to know the frequency of this parasite in companion animals. The aim of this study was to determine current epidemiological status of G. duodenalis in household dogs and cats. Methods In this study, 293 fecal samples from pet dogs and cats were collected from January 2017 to July 2019 and tested for G. duodenalis by PCR (using β-giardin gene). The animals were divided into groups depending on their age, breed and fecal consistency. Results The examination allowed for detection of G. duodenalis in 6.0% of canine and 3.9% of feline fecal samples. The highest frequency was revealed in young (under one-year old) dogs. Sequencing confirmed the presence of assemblages C and D in dogs and A and F in cats. Conclusion The study showed current frequency of G. duodenalis in dogs and cats and also revealed the occurrence of host-specific assemblages as well as zoonotic assemblage A.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 85%

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Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Household Dogs and Cats from Poland

et al. 2020

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“…We conducted partial assessment of the zoonotic potential of our canine isolates using only molecular epidemiological data, because assessing the risk for zoonotic transmission of these pathogens from dogs to/from humans is difficult. The only way to properly determine zoonotic transmission is by conducting case–control studies that assess the genotypes/subtypes of these pathogens by using appropriate molecular typing tools in human and canine populations that maintain permanent close contact in the same spatial and temporal setting 23 , 34 , 61 , 62 . However, our epidemiological study still generated baseline information and determined the genetic diversity of these pathogens in the investigated region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. in household, shelter, breeding, and pet market dogs in Guangzhou, southern China

Liao¹,

Lin²,

Sun

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. are common intestinal protozoans that infect humans and animals worldwide. A survey that assessed the prevalence, molecular characteristics, and zoonotic potential of these pathogens was conducted on a variety of dogs in Guangzhou, southern China. A total of 651 canine stool samples from household (n = 199), shelter (n = 149), breeding (n = 237), and pet market dogs (n = 66) were collected from eight districts in Guangzhou. Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. were detected by PCR amplification of the SSU rRNA gene. Giardia duodenalis-positive specimens were further assigned into assemblages using the glutamate dehydrogenase gene. Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. were found in 21 (3.2%), 20 (3.1%), and 35 (5.4%) samples, respectively. The overall prevalence of shelter dogs (40.28%, 60/149) was significantly higher than that of household (3.0%, 6/199), breeding (2.1%, 5/237), and pet market dogs (7.5%, 5/66) (χ2 = 154.72, df = 3, P < 0.001). Deworming in the past 12 months had a strong protective effect on the risk of contracting parasite infections (P < 0.001). No significant differences were detected between age or sex groups (P > 0.05). Dog-specific C. canis (n = 19) and zoonotic C. parvum (n = 2) were the only two Cryptosporidium species. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of three G. duodenalis assemblages: dog-specific assemblages D (n = 14) and C (n = 5), and cat-specific F (n = 1). Zoonotic Blastocystis ST3 (n = 28) was the dominant subtype, followed by ST1 (n = 6) and ST10 (n = 1). To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale investigation on the occurrence and molecular characteristics of Blastocystis sp. in dogs in China. Our results indicated that the dogs seemed to play a negligible role as reservoirs for Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis transmission to humans, but they are potential novel suitable hosts of Blastocystis sp. A strict sentinel surveillance system of dogs should be established to minimise the zoonotic risk of spreading blastocystosis among humans and dogs.

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“…In contrast to this, other studies report predominantly canid assemblages in synanthropic dogs [8,14,15]. Use of multiple loci for detection of G. duodenalis has shown that mixed assemblage infections occur regularly in humans and many animals, including dogs [8,[16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Giardia duodenalis multi-locus genotypes in dogs with different levels of synanthropism and clinical signs

et al. 2020

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Background In dogs, infections with Giardia duodenalis are mainly caused by assemblages C and D, but also by the potentially zoonotic assemblages A and B. The aims of this study were to assess differences in assemblages (i) between dogs living mainly in close proximity to humans (synanthropic dogs) versus dogs living mainly among other dogs, (ii) between samples of dogs with or without loose stool, and (iii) related to the amount of cysts shedding. Methods One hundred eighty-nine qPCR Giardia positive fecal samples of dogs originating from four groups (household, sheltered, hunting, and dogs for which a veterinarian sent a fecal sample to a diagnostic laboratory) were used for genotyping. For this, multi-locus genotyping of beta-giardin, triose phosphate isomerase, and glutamate dehydrogenase and genotyping of SSU rDNA gene fragments were performed. Fecal consistency was scored (loose or non-loose stool), and cysts per gram of feces were determined with qPCR. Results Assemblage D was the most prevalent in all groups, followed by the other canid assemblage C. Also, mixed C/D was common. In two (synanthropic) household dogs, the potentially zoonotic assemblage AI was present. Although occurrence of assemblage AI in household dogs was not significantly different from dogs living among other dogs (sheltered and hunting dogs), it was significantly higher compared to dogs for which a sample was sent to a diagnostic laboratory. Dogs with assemblage D shed significantly more cysts than dogs with other assemblages (except for mixed C/D results) or dogs in which no assemblage could be determined. None of the assemblages was significantly associated with loose stool. Conclusion Not only do dogs mainly shed the canid Giardia duodenalis assemblages D and/or C, the numbers of cysts per gram for the canid assemblage D were also higher than for the potential zoonotic assemblage AI. Based on the assemblages shed by dogs, the risk to public health posed by dogs is estimated to be low, even though the dogs that shed AI were synanthropic household dogs. Loose stool in infected dogs was not associated with any particular Giardia assemblage.

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Giardia duodenalis in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study

Cited by 30 publications

References 45 publications

Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Household Dogs and Cats from Poland

Genotypes of Giardia duodenalis in Household Dogs and Cats from Poland

Occurrence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. in household, shelter, breeding, and pet market dogs in Guangzhou, southern China

Giardia duodenalis multi-locus genotypes in dogs with different levels of synanthropism and clinical signs

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