Occurrence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. in household, shelter, breeding, and pet market dogs in Guangzhou, southern China

Liao, Shenquan; Lin, Xuhui; Sun, Yongxiang; Qi, Nanshan; Lv, Minna; Wu, Caiyan; Li, Juan; Hu, Junjing; Yu, Linzeng; Cai, Haiming; Xiao, Wenwan; Sun, Mingfei; Li, Guoqing

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74299-z

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…PERMANOVA was also applied to assess the similarities of microbial communities as a function of gender, age, and box in both distance matrices. None of these other variables were significantly associated with microbiota composition (gender: p = 0.4453; age: p = 0.2073; box: p = 0.0535), which is consistent with previous studies [ 13 , 20 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The prevalence is higher in young animals (between 9 and 14 weeks of age, 62.4%) compared to puppies between 5 and 8 weeks of age (30.4–32.6%) [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Animals living in communities, for example, in shelters or breeding kennels, are more frequently positive than privately owned pets, due to the high density of animals in these facilities [ 4 , 9 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota

et al. 2021

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Giardia intestinalis is a flagellated protozoan responsible for giardiosis (also called giardiasis in humans), the most prevalent and widespread parasitic infection in humans and mammals worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is highly diverse and any alteration in its composition may impact on the health of the host. While studies on the mouse model of giardiosis described the role of the gut microbiota in host susceptibility to infection by the parasite, little is known about the gut microbiota during natural infections in dogs and particularly in puppies. In this study, we monitored naturally G. intestinalis-infected puppies for 3 months and quantified cyst excretion every 2 weeks. All puppies remained subclinically infected during the sampling period as confirmed by fecal examination. In parallel, we performed 16S Illumina sequencing of fecal samples from the different time points to assess the impact of G. intestinalis infection on gut microbiota development of the puppies, as well as gut health markers of immunity such as fecal IgA and calprotectin. Sequencing results revealed that the canine fecal microbiota of Giardia-infected puppies becomes more complex and less diverse with increasing age. In addition, significant differences in the structure of the microbiota were observed between puppies with high and low Giardia cyst excretion. Chronic subclinical G. intestinalis infection appears to be associated with some detrimental structural changes in the gut microbiota. G. intestinalis-associated dysbiosis is characterized by an enrichment of facultative anaerobic, mucus-degrading, pro-inflammatory species and opportunistic pathogens, as well as a reduction of Lactobacillus johnsonii at specific time points. Calprotectin levels increased with age, suggesting the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation in puppies. Further work is needed to demonstrate whether these alterations in the canine gut microbiota could lead to a dysbiosis-related disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota

et al. 2021

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“…Our study further shows that animals that were regurlarly treated for the helminth infestations were at low risk of acquiring the cryptosporidium infection. Our finding is in agreement with a study by (Liao et al, 2020) who indicated that deworming was a protective factor against cryptosporidiosis. This could be attributed to the fact that different antihelminth drugs that are often administered to the animals exerts a static (limiting growth) and/or cidal (killing) effects on the cryptosporidium pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Cryptosporidiosis Among Livestock and Dogs in Kasese District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Kankya

Okello

Baguma

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundCryptosporidiosis is a common cause of diarrheal disease in livestock and dogs, and it can result in significant economic losses due to decreased productivity and higher treatment costs. The cryptosporidiosis burden in livestock and dogs is largely unknown and underexploited. We designed a cross-sectional research study to determine the prevalence and factors associated with cryptosporidiosis in livestock and dogs.MethodsThe questionnaire data was downloaded from the Kobotoolbox server in excel format for cleaning and analysis. Laboratory results were matched with the questionnaire data and statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 14 and R version 4.2.2. Descriptive statistics were conducted to determine the frequencies, percentages, and proportions of the different study variables. For the categorical variables, 95% binomial and multinomial confidence intervals were obtained using the commands BinomCI(), with Jeffreys approach, and MultinomCI() available in the DescTools package. To adjust for potential clustering within household, a logistic mixed model approach with household as random effect was chosen and performed using the package glmmTMB. The outcome was a positive or negative test result of each dog. A likelihood ratio test using the lmtest package was used to determine if a predictor was significantly associated with the outcome. To adjust for multiple comparisons, the multcomp package with Tukeys approach was used. First all variables were included in a univariable approach. Second all variables with p-values <0.2 were included in a multivariable model..ResultsDogs were over 50times more likely to have the cryptosporidium infection compared to goat. With aOR 56.07, 95%CI= [10.2569,306.5307] and p-value <0.001. Furthermore, being of Mukonjo tribe was over 20times more likely to have cryptosporidiosis compared to being Musongora. At aOR 24.92, 95%CI= [3.6971,168.0655], p-value 0.0010. Additionally, persons who drunk water from the river ponds were 76.93 times more likely to have cryptosporidium infection compared to the counterparts whose source of drinking water were from protected sources with aOR 76.93, 95% CI= [3.71,1595.324] p-value= 0.0050.ConclusionCryptosporidiosis still remains a big public health problem in Kasese District. Dogs are more at risk of having cryptosporidiosis whereas drinking from river ponds was highly attributed to acquiring cryptosporidiosis.

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“…Blastocystis was not detected in any canine or feline stool sample in our study. Similarly, Blastocystis infection has not been found in dogs in Spain [ 61 ], Greece [ 60 ], Japan [ 64 ], China [ 56 ], Australia [ 34 , 52 ], USA [ 69 ], or Brazil [ 54 , 71 ]. In a dozen or so other studies, Blastocystis in dogs was detected over a wide frequency range, from 1.3% to 70.8% ( Table 1 ), and sometimes up to 100% of dogs were infected; however, these were small groups of three to five animals (data not included in the table) [ 35 , 70 , 90 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare Occurrence of Blastocystis in Pet Animals and Their Owners in the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland in the Light of Literature Data

Rudzińska

Kowalewska

Kurpas

et al. 2022

JCM

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Blastocystis is an intestinal microeukaryote with ambiguous pathogenicity, commonly detected in human feces worldwide. It comprises at least 28 genetically diverse subtypes (STs), 12 of which also occur in a wide range of animal species, giving rise to suspicion of zoonotic transmission. To investigate this, we conducted a molecular study of 145 stool samples of pet animals, and 67 of their owners, living in an urban area in Poland. Blastocystis was detected in only three (2.1%) animal samples (of two bearded agamas and a leopard gecko), while all dogs, cats, and pet rodents were Blastocystis-negative. Blastocystis was also present in three (4.5%) owners of animals, but they were cat owners, not reptile owners, and the subtypes identified in them differed significantly from those of reptiles. Additionally, the frequency of Blastocystis in different groups of dogs (depending on how they were kept) was analyzed. This work is the first to find Blastocystis in pet reptiles, and we encourage further investigation of Blastocystis in this poorly examined group of animals, as well as continued study on the transmission of this microorganism between humans and animals.

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Occurrence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Blastocystis sp. in household, shelter, breeding, and pet market dogs in Guangzhou, southern China

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota

Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Cryptosporidiosis Among Livestock and Dogs in Kasese District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Rare Occurrence of Blastocystis in Pet Animals and Their Owners in the Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland in the Light of Literature Data

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