<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>Infection and Deoxynivalenol Concentrations During Development of Wheat Spikes

Cowger, Christina; Arellano, Consuelo

doi:10.1094/phyto-03-12-0054-r

Cited by 47 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In the post-anthesis period, predictors summarizing favorable temperature rose to prominence, as well as rainfall as a direct moisture indicator. One possible hypothesis is that free moisture as rain is more crucial in the post-anthesis period than in the preanthesis period, and is supported by the empirical observations from experimental trials (9,10). The overall inclusion of R-based predictors by the BRT modeling algorithm contrasts with the lack of this predictor type in logistic regression models we presented earlier (51), where R-type predictors were dropped due to low selection frequency by the algorithms used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Predicting Fusarium Head Blight Epidemics with Boosted Regression Trees

Shah¹,

Wolf²,

Paul³

et al. 2014

Phytopathology®

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Predicting major Fusarium head blight (FHB) epidemics allows for the judicious use of fungicides in suppressing disease development. Our objectives were to investigate the utility of boosted regression trees (BRTs) for predictive modeling of FHB epidemics in the United States, and to compare the predictive performances of the BRT models with those of logistic regression models we had developed previously. The data included 527 FHB observations from 15 states over 26 years. BRTs were fit to a training data set of 369 FHB observations, in which FHB epidemics were classified as either major (severity ≥ 10%) or non-major (severity < 10%), linked to a predictor matrix consisting of 350 weatherbased variables and categorical variables for wheat type (spring or winter), presence or absence of corn residue, and cultivar resistance. Predictive performance was estimated on a test (holdout) data set consisting of the remaining 158 observations. BRTs had a misclassification rate of 0.23 on the test data, which was 31% lower than the average misclassification rate over 15 logistic regression models we had presented earlier. The strongest predictors were generally one of mean daily relative humidity, mean daily temperature, and the number of hours in which the temperature was between 9 and 30°C and relative humidity ≥ 90% simultaneously. Moreover, the predicted risk of major epidemics increased substantially when mean daily relative humidity rose above 70%, which is a lower threshold than previously modeled for most plant pathosystems. BRTs led to novel insights into the weather-epidemic relationship.Additional keywords: disease modeling, disease forecasting, machine learning, plant disease epidemiology, wheat scab.Major epidemics of Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto (59) of the F. graminearum species complex (43,53), are a recurring obstacle to successful wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) production worldwide. Epidemics are responsible for large direct (35,36) and indirect (42) economic losses. Foliar fungicide applications timed to coincide with anthesis, if the environment is conducive for FHB, are one component of an effective disease management strategy (56). Accurate forecasts help growers recognize when their wheat crops are at a high risk of a major FHB epidemic, and most likely to benefit from a fungicide. When the risk of a major epidemic is low, growers could forgo inessential fungicide applications. Management decisions (and, hence, forecasts) need to be made by anthesis so that producers have sufficient time to spray should they choose that option.The Fusarium Head Blight Risk Assessment Tool (http://www. wheatscab.psu.edu) is a publicly funded service that provides local-level, empirical FHB predictions across several of the wheat-growing regions of the United States which have historically experienced FHB epidemics (35). The forecasts are based on logistic regression models developed by De Wolf et al. (13), with subsequent revisions (37,38). We recently reex...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Predicting Fusarium Head Blight Epidemics with Boosted Regression Trees

Shah¹,

Wolf²,

Paul³

et al. 2014

Phytopathology®

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“…Moreover, Winter et al [19] supposed the existence of a barrier zone at the interface between grain and rachilla, named “xylem discontinuity”, to explain the interruption of vascular transport of DON produced by F. culmorum to the kernels in wheat plants. This could explain the reduced DON amount in kernels compared rachis and peduncle, with a decreasing gradient of DON contamination from rachis, to straw and, finally, kernels [11,18,20,21]. To this respect, Ilgen et al [22], and Gardiner et al [23] reported that rachis tissues could be the site of DON-inducing synthesis factors, during the wheat heads infection by F. graminearum .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Growth of F. graminearum in Wheat Plants and Related Accumulation of Deoxynivalenol

Moretti

Panzarini

Somma

et al. 2014

Toxins

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat worldwide caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum (syn. Gibberella zeae). This fungus can be highly aggressive and can produce several mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON), a well known harmful metabolite for humans, animals, and plants. The fungus can survive overwinter on wheat residues and on the soil, and can usually attack the wheat plant at their point of flowering, being able to infect the heads and to contaminate the kernels at the maturity. Contaminated kernels can be sometimes used as seeds for the cultivation of the following year. Poor knowledge on the ability of the strains of F. graminearum occurring on wheat seeds to be transmitted to the plant and to contribute to the final DON contamination of kernels is available. Therefore, this study had the goals of evaluating: (a) the capability of F. graminearum causing FHB of wheat to be transmitted from the seeds or soil to the kernels at maturity and the progress of the fungus within the plant at different growth stages; (b) the levels of DON contamination in both plant tissues and kernels. The study has been carried out for two years in a climatic chamber. The F. gramineraum strain selected for the inoculation was followed within the plant by using Vegetative Compatibility technique, and quantified by Real-Time PCR. Chemical analyses of DON were carried out by using immunoaffinity cleanup and HPLC/UV/DAD. The study showed that F. graminearum originated from seeds or soil can grow systemically in the plant tissues, with the exception of kernels and heads. There seems to be a barrier that inhibits the colonization of the heads by the fungus. High levels of DON and F. graminearum were found in crowns, stems, and straw, whereas low levels of DON and no detectable levels of F. graminearum were found in both heads and kernels. Finally, in all parts of the plant (heads, crowns, and stems at milk and vitreous ripening stages, and straw at vitreous ripening), also the accumulation of significant quantities of DON-3-glucoside (DON-3G), a product of DON glycosylation, was detected, with decreasing levels in straw, crown, stems and kernels. The presence of DON and DON-3G in heads and kernels without the occurrence of F. graminearum may be explained by their water solubility that could facilitate their translocation from stem to heads and kernels. The presence of DON-3G at levels 23 times higher than DON in the heads at milk stage without the occurrence of F. graminearum may indicate that an active glycosylation of DON also occurs in the head tissues. Finally, the high levels of DON accumulated in straws are worrisome since they represent additional sources of mycotoxin for livestock.

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“…Por el contrario, otros tipos de cultivares pueden presentar síntomas graves y con bajos niveles de micotoxinas (Bai et al, 2001). Este caso permite inferir que la disminución en los niveles de micotoxina deoxinivalenol podría explicarse por la acción de enzimas vegetales que actúan en la detoxificación de la misma micotoxina, tal como lo observaron previamente Cowger & Arellano (2013). Los controles de invernadero sin inoculación, tanto en trigo como en soja, mostraron valores de concentraciones de toxinas menores que los del umbral y aceptables para el consumo.…”

Section: Resultados Y Discusiónunclassified

Micotoxinas en harinas derivadas de trigo y soja detectadas por prueba de Elisa

Peruzzo

Pioli²

2016

Pesq. agropec. bras.

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Resumen -El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la presencia de micotoxinas en las harinas derivadas de trigo y soja expuestos a la infección de Fusarium graminearum y detectadas por prueba de Elisa. La contaminación fue evaluada durante 2010 y 2012, en condiciones de invernadero, a través de inoculaciones artificiales, y en lotes de producción en campo, expuestos a infecciones naturales. Se utilizaron 26 muestras de harinas derivadas de cariopsis de trigo y semillas de soja. La detección de micotoxinas deoxinivalenol y zearalenona se realizó por kit de Elisa. En harinas de trigo de diversos ambientes, se detectaron ambas micotoxinas -deoxinivalenol y zearalenona -, mientras que en harinas de soja sólo se detectó zearalenona. Las concentraciones de esas micotoxinas observadas en las harinas no son admisibles para el consumo humano y animal. El kit de Elisa constituyó una herramienta biotecnológica efectiva para la detección de la contaminación predominante de zearalenona, producida por F. graminearum, en harinas de trigo y soja de diferentes ambientes semicontrolados y naturales.Términos para indexación: Fusarium graminearum, Glycine max, Triticum aestivum, deoxinivalenol, zearalenona. Mycotoxins in flours derived from wheat and soybean detected by the Elisa testAbstract -The objective of this work was to evaluate the presence of mycotoxins in flours derived from wheat caryopses and soybean seed exposed to Fusarium graminearum infection and detected by the Elisa test. Contamination was evaluated during 2010 and 2012, in greenhouse conditions, by artificial inoculation, and on field-production batches exposed to natural infections. Twenty-six samples of flours derived from wheat caryopses and soybean seeds were used. Detection of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone was performed by an Elisa kit. In wheat flour of different environments both mycotoxins -deoxynivalenol and zearalenone -were detected, while in soybean flour only zearalenone was detected. Mycotoxins concentrations observed in these flours are inappropriate for human and animal consumption. Elisa kit constituted an effective biotechnological tool for the detection of prevailing contamination by zearalenone, caused by F. graminearum in wheat and soybean flours of different, semicontrolled and natural environments.

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Fusarium graminearumInfection and Deoxynivalenol Concentrations During Development of Wheat Spikes

Cited by 47 publications

References 29 publications

Predicting Fusarium Head Blight Epidemics with Boosted Regression Trees

Predicting Fusarium Head Blight Epidemics with Boosted Regression Trees

Systemic Growth of F. graminearum in Wheat Plants and Related Accumulation of Deoxynivalenol

Micotoxinas en harinas derivadas de trigo y soja detectadas por prueba de Elisa

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