‘I Feel Like Some Kind of Namoona’: Examining Sterilisation in Women's Abortion Trajectories in India

Nandagiri, Rishita

doi:10.1108/978-1-80071-733-620221005

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Alternatively, India has a documented history of coercive and forced sterilization ( Gupte 2017 ; Nandagiri 2022 ), which could also be a driver of fertility decline. Unfortunately, we are unable to account for women’s motivations for and attitudes towards sterilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-universal marriage, early childbearing, and low fertility: India’s alternative fertility transition

Park¹,

Vyas²,

Broussard³

et al. 2023

DemRes

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OBJECTIVE To compare fertility in India to both low-to-middle-income and high-income countries (LMICs and HICs) and describe the patterns that have accompanied India’s transition to low fertility. METHODS We use data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the United Nations (UN), and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to observe factors associated with fertility decline in 36 Indian states and 76 countries. RESULTS Although fertility in India has declined to levels similar to HICs, women’s entry into marriage and initiation of childbearing are more in line with patterns found in LMICs. The vast majority of women in India (97%) are married by age 30, and their average age at first birth is only 21.3 years old. In spite of these patterns, average fertility has declined in India as a result of earlier termination of childbearing. Among more recent cohorts, fewer women progressed to higher-order births and about half of women obtained a sterilization by age 35. CONCLUSIONS India has reached low fertility by mechanisms outside the traditional indicators of fertility decline. In contrast to countries that have achieved low fertility through delayed age at first birth, women in India have continued to enter unions and bear children early, lowered their age at last birth, and increasingly ended their fertility via sterilization following the birth of two children. CONTRIBUTION Evidence from India reveals an alternative pathway to low fertility, highlighting the limitations of traditional socioeconomic indicators for explaining fertility decline.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-universal marriage, early childbearing, and low fertility: India’s alternative fertility transition

Park¹,

Vyas²,

Broussard³

et al. 2023

DemRes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, a shift has been observed since 1994, marked by a worldwide decline in the prevalence of female sterilization-except for Central and Southern Asia, where it has experienced an increase, rising from 17% to 21.8% in 2019 (United Nations Contraceptive Use by Method booklet, 2019). Within this context, India has notably maintained a strong focus on promoting female sterilization as a pivotal component of the nation's family planning program, a trend deeply ingrained historically and reinforced through targeted policies directed at women (Bansal A., 2022;Gupte, 2017;Oliveira, 2014;Nandagiri, 2022). The National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5, 2019-2021) reveals a signi cant reliance on permanent sterilization among Indian women, with 38% opting for this method-a 2% increase from NFHS-4 (2015-2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Sterilization Regret: Analysing the Differential Effects of Social, Economic and Service-related Factors in EAG and non-EAG States in India

KUMAR,

KUJUR

2024

Preprint

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Background Globally, sterilization has become a popular method of contraception. But since 1994, there has been notable change in the global landscape, with a decrease in the frequency of female sterilization everywhere except in Central and Southern Asia, where it has increased significantly, from 17% to 21.8% in 2019. The National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5, 2019-2021) reveals a significant reliance on permanent sterilization among Indian women, with 38% opting for this method—a 2% increase from NFHS-4 (2015-2016) out of this 4.92%, 4.82%, 5.46% women reported regret of sterilization in India, non-EAG states and EAG states respectively. Data and Methods The study uses data from NFHS 1, NFHS 3, NFHS 4. We have been majorly used NFHS 5 data to explore the experience of regret among ever-married women aged 15-49 who underwent female sterilization between Empowered Action Group states (EAG states) and non-empowered Action Group states (Non-EAG States) with socio-economic variables, types of facility and women characteristics etc. The method used to analyses are bivariate analysis, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression. Results The trend of regret of female sterilisation reveals that from NFHS 1 to 5, there was a decline in regret percentages during NFHS 3, followed by subsequent fluctuations with an initial increase and subsequent decrease during NFHS 5, observed across both Empowered Action Group (EAG) and non-EAG states. The findings from the bi-variate analysis of sterilization regret in Hindus shows 4.8% of surveyed women conveyed remorse regarding their decision to undergo sterilization. Regionally, the regret percentage was slightly higher in Empowered Action Group (EAG) States, accounting for 5.8%, compared to 4.2 % in non-EAG states. The findings derived from the regression analysis indicates the analysis indicates in EAG states Muslim women have a 19 % (OR-1.19; CI-1.10-1.3; P-0.03) higher likelihood of regretting sterilization whereas in non-EAG states Muslim women have an 81 % (OR-1.81; CI-1.64-1.98; P-0.00) higher likelihood of regretting sterilisation. Quality of care emerges as a pertinent factor, with women rating care during and after sterilization as "bad" exhibiting a higher likelihood of regret (OR-4.70; CI-3.551-6.13; P-0.00) in EAG states, (OR-1.79; CI-1.306-2.445, P-0.00) in non-EAG states. In non-EAG states, women undergoing sterilization at other facilities exhibit a higher likelihood of regret compared to those choosing public facilities (OR-1.92; CI-1.123-3.279, P-0.02). Child loss after sterilization emerges as a significant predictor of regret, with women who have lost a child exhibiting a higher likelihood of regret in EAG states (OR-1.99; CI-1.704-2.315; P-0.00), non-EAG states (OR-2.30; CI-1.992-2.661; P-0.00). Conclusion The factors contributing to sterilization regret encompass a spectrum of influences, prominently featuring religion, parity of women, son preference, child loss, and the perceived quality of care post-sterilization. Among these, religion emerges as a particularly influential determinant, with a distinctive pattern observed at the national level in India. Consequently, states should persist in their efforts to reduce infant mortality rate and focused to prioritizing quality care to help reduce regret to sterilization in female. States can also promote other kind of contraceptive those have no negative impact of female body.

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‘I Feel Like Some Kind of Namoona’: Examining Sterilisation in Women's Abortion Trajectories in India

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

Near-universal marriage, early childbearing, and low fertility: India’s alternative fertility transition

Near-universal marriage, early childbearing, and low fertility: India’s alternative fertility transition

A Comparative Study of Sterilization Regret: Analysing the Differential Effects of Social, Economic and Service-related Factors in EAG and non-EAG States in India

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