Abstract:Fine-grained sandstones and siltstones of Late Cretaceous to Eocene age in Antarctica and Tierra del Fuego yield an association of well-known shallow-marine trace fossils. Among them stick out complex spreite burrows, which are formally described asEuflabellan. igen. and subdivided into five ichnospecies with different burrowing programs and occurrences. As shown by concentrations of diatoms, radiolarians, foraminifers, and calcispheres in particular backfill lamellae, the unknown trace makers lived on fresh d… Show more
“…Sedimentary environment: Archaeonassa, Lockeia, Skolithos and Protovirgularia are usually interpreted as characteristic of shallow environments, from nearshore to lower offshore (Uchman et al 2004a;Bradshaw 2010;Cabrera and Olivero 2011;Nagel et al 2013;Olivero and Cabrera 2013) but they also appear in deep-sea settings (Uchman 2004;Poursoltani et al 2007;Wetzel et al 2007;Zhang et al 2008;Nara and Ikari 2011;Uchman and Rattazzi 2011;Greene et al 2012). They are also known from marginal-marine and freshwater settings (McIlroy 2004b;Carmona et al 2009;Buatois and Mángano 2011;Gingras et al 2011;Melchor et al 2012b;Scott et al 2012).…”
The following trace fossils have been recognised in the Lower Muschelkalk of Raciborowice Gorne (North Sudetic Synclinorium, SW Poland): Archaeonassa fossulata, Balanoglossites triadicus, ?Gastrochaenolites isp., Lockeia isp., Palaeophycus tubularis, Palaeophycus isp., ?Planolites beverleyensis, P. montanus, Planolites isp., ?Protovirgularia isp., Rhizocorallium commune var. auriforme, R. commune var. irregulare, R. jenense, Skolithos linearis, Thalassinoides suevicus and Trypanites weisei. Coprolites and an unidentified trace fossil A are also described. The trace fossils allow the discrimination of five ichnoassociations in the Raciborowice Gorne section: (IA 1) Rhizocorallium- Pholeus, (IA 2) Rhizocorallium-Palaeophycus, (IA 3) Thalassinoides, (IA 4) Trypanites-Balanoglossites and (IA 5) Planolites-Palaeophycus. The Lower Muschelkalk succession was deposited on a shallow carbonate ramp affected by frequent storms. Deposition commenced with sedimentation in a restricted lagoon on the inner ramp with a short episode of sabkha formation. It continued on the middle and outer ramp and then on a skeletal shoal of the outer ramp and in an open basin. Ichnoassociation IA 5 is related to a maximum transgression that commenced with the deposition of the Spiriferina Bed and which probably marked the opening of the Silesian-Moravian Gate. The basin underwent two shallowing episodes, as evidenced by ichnoassociations IA 3-IA 4, resulting in the formation of hardgrounds. Bathymetric changes in the Raciborowice Gorne section correspond well with a general transgressive trend in the Germanic Basin.
“…Sedimentary environment: Archaeonassa, Lockeia, Skolithos and Protovirgularia are usually interpreted as characteristic of shallow environments, from nearshore to lower offshore (Uchman et al 2004a;Bradshaw 2010;Cabrera and Olivero 2011;Nagel et al 2013;Olivero and Cabrera 2013) but they also appear in deep-sea settings (Uchman 2004;Poursoltani et al 2007;Wetzel et al 2007;Zhang et al 2008;Nara and Ikari 2011;Uchman and Rattazzi 2011;Greene et al 2012). They are also known from marginal-marine and freshwater settings (McIlroy 2004b;Carmona et al 2009;Buatois and Mángano 2011;Gingras et al 2011;Melchor et al 2012b;Scott et al 2012).…”
The following trace fossils have been recognised in the Lower Muschelkalk of Raciborowice Gorne (North Sudetic Synclinorium, SW Poland): Archaeonassa fossulata, Balanoglossites triadicus, ?Gastrochaenolites isp., Lockeia isp., Palaeophycus tubularis, Palaeophycus isp., ?Planolites beverleyensis, P. montanus, Planolites isp., ?Protovirgularia isp., Rhizocorallium commune var. auriforme, R. commune var. irregulare, R. jenense, Skolithos linearis, Thalassinoides suevicus and Trypanites weisei. Coprolites and an unidentified trace fossil A are also described. The trace fossils allow the discrimination of five ichnoassociations in the Raciborowice Gorne section: (IA 1) Rhizocorallium- Pholeus, (IA 2) Rhizocorallium-Palaeophycus, (IA 3) Thalassinoides, (IA 4) Trypanites-Balanoglossites and (IA 5) Planolites-Palaeophycus. The Lower Muschelkalk succession was deposited on a shallow carbonate ramp affected by frequent storms. Deposition commenced with sedimentation in a restricted lagoon on the inner ramp with a short episode of sabkha formation. It continued on the middle and outer ramp and then on a skeletal shoal of the outer ramp and in an open basin. Ichnoassociation IA 5 is related to a maximum transgression that commenced with the deposition of the Spiriferina Bed and which probably marked the opening of the Silesian-Moravian Gate. The basin underwent two shallowing episodes, as evidenced by ichnoassociations IA 3-IA 4, resulting in the formation of hardgrounds. Bathymetric changes in the Raciborowice Gorne section correspond well with a general transgressive trend in the Germanic Basin.
“…The Leticia Fm suggests shallow marine deposition at the onset of a transgressive sequence (Olivero & Malumián 2008), under partial influence of tides and waves evidenced by shallow‐water ichnofossils and sedimentary facies (López Cabrera et al . 2008; Olivero & López Cabrera 2013).…”
A proper understanding of the palaeoceanographic evolution of the Drake Passage during the Palaeogene is hampered by the lack of precise tools to date and correlate the sedimentary units of areas adjacent to the region. In this work, considering recently published radiometric U-Pb dates, we revised the age of a previous dinoflagellate zones for the middle to upper Eocene units of the Austral-Magallanes Basin. The quantitative analysis of middle to late Eocene dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from different localities close to the Drake Passage allowed us to reconstruct the palaeoenvironmental conditions and the possible surface ocean currents during this time in the area. Assemblages dated between 41.3 and 38.1 Ma represent relatively warm waters in inner shelf settings, while those ranged between 36 and 35 Ma reflect coastal areas with cool, nutrient-rich surface waters. The proposed surface ocean circulation pattern, based on dinoflagellate cysts distribution between 41.3 and 38.1 Ma, agrees with the results of a palaeoclimatic numerical model simulation performed with a Drake Passage shallow opening of 100 m depth. At c. 36 Ma, several Antarctic gonyaulacacean taxa tolerant to relatively warmer waters were replaced by some Antarctic peridinacean species better adapted to colder conditions. This change could be linked to a progressive deepening of the Drake Passage that is estimated to have reached 1000 m depth promoting a cooling in the South Atlantic. Such passage depth would have enabled stronger flows from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean, which is reflected by the increase of cosmopolitan species.
Burrows with a thick concentric, spiral or eccentric lamination are common constituents of Phanerozoic marine deposits and have been described under different names for more than 150 years. Ambiguous original diagnoses, questionable type specimens and morphological transitions between end members have led to a rather unstable ichnotaxonomy and varying indistinct definitions. This situation, in turn, hinders an application of these ichnotaxa in facies interpretations, and in palaeoenvironmental and evolutionary reconstructions. A revision of this group of trace fossils, collectively assembled under the new ichnofamily Rosselichnidae, aims for its consolidation. It includes the ichnogenera Rosselia Dahmer, Cylindrichnus Toots in Howard, Patagonichnus Olivero & L opez Cabrera, Artichnus Zhang et al., Lamellaecylindrica Knaust and Bromlichnus Vallon et al., together containing 15 ichnospecies. Burrow morphology, orientation, branching and type of lamination are used as ichnotaxobases.Artichnus serialis isp. nov. is erected, whereas Rosselia erecta (Torell), Rosselia prolifera (Fournier et al.) and Lamellaecylindrica ludwigae (Schlirf) are new combinations. Rosselia erecta is installed as the ichnospecies name for forms that historically have been assigned to Monocraterion isp. A review of established interpretations of potential producers and their ethology of ichnotaxa included in Rosselichnidae reveals that polychaetes and holothurians with a suspension-and depositfeeding behaviour are best equipped to produce such burrows. The stratigraphic record of Rosselia spans the entire Phanerozoic, whereas the other ichnogenera mainly occur in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.
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