<i>Escherichia vulneris</i>
            : a New Species of
            <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i>
            Associated with Human Wounds

Brenner, Don J.; McWhorter, Alma C.; Knutson, Jean K. Leete; Steigerwalt, Arnold G.

doi:10.1128/jcm.15.6.1133-1140.1982

Cited by 520 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Bacterial cells were grown in 30 mL of brain heart infusion broth at 37°C to stationary phase and harvested. Genomic DNA was extracted using the phenolchloroform method (Brenner et al 1982) and stored at ‫°02מ‬C before use.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing genomic diversity and evolution of Escherichia coli O157 by single nucleotide polymorphisms

Zhang¹,

Qi²,

Albert³

et al. 2006

Genome Res.

125

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Infections by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157) are the predominant cause of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome in the United States. In silico comparison of the two complete STEC O157 genomes (Sakai and EDL933) revealed a strikingly high level of sequence identity in orthologous protein-coding genes, limiting the use of nucleotide sequences to study the evolution and epidemiology of this bacterial pathogen. To systematically examine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at a genome scale, we designed comparative genome sequencing microarrays and analyzed 1199 chromosomal genes (a total of 1,167,948 bp) and 92,721 bp of the large virulence plasmid (pO157) of eleven outbreak-associated STEC O157 strains. We discovered 906 SNPs in 523 chromosomal genes and observed a high level of DNA polymorphisms among the pO157 plasmids. Based on a uniform rate of synonymous substitution for Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica (4.7 × 10 −9 per site per year), we estimate that the most recent common ancestor of the contemporary ␤-glucuronidase-negative, non-sorbitolfermenting STEC O157 strains existed ca. 40 thousand years ago. The phylogeny of the STEC O157 strains based on the informative synonymous SNPs was compared to the maximum parsimony trees inferred from pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus variable numbers of tandem repeats analysis. The topological discrepancies indicate that, in contrast to the synonymous mutations, parts of STEC O157 genomes have evolved through different mechanisms with highly variable divergence rates. The SNP loci reported here will provide useful genetic markers for developing high-throughput methods for fine-resolution genotyping of STEC O157. Functional characterization of nucleotide polymorphisms should shed new insights on the evolution, epidemiology, and pathogenesis of STEC O157 and related pathogens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing genomic diversity and evolution of Escherichia coli O157 by single nucleotide polymorphisms

Zhang¹,

Qi²,

Albert³

et al. 2006

Genome Res.

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The genomic DNA of all EAEC strains of this study, including the 042 EAEC prototype strain , was extracted as described by Brenner et al (1982). Approximately 2 mg of DNA were digested with BglI and electrophoresed in a 0.8% agarose gel.…”

Section: Ribotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli from humans and animals differ in major phenotypical traits and virulence genes

Uber

Trabulsi

Irino

et al. 2006

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is characterized by the expression of the aggregative adherence pattern to cultured epithelial cells. In this study, we determined the phenotypic and genotypic relationships among 86 EAEC strains of human and animal (calves, piglets and horses) feces. Serotypes and the presence of EAEC virulence markers were determined, and these results were associated with ribotyping. Strains harboring aggR (typical EAEC) of human origin were found carrying several of the searched markers, while atypical EAEC harbored none or a few markers. The strains of animal origin were classified as atypical EAEC (strains lacking aggR) and harbored only irp2 or shf. Strains from humans and animals belonged to several different serotypes, although none of them prevailed. Sixteen ribotypes were determined, and there was no association with virulence genes profiles or serotypes. Relationship was not found among the strains of this study, and the assessed animals may not represent a reservoir of human pathogenic typical EAEC.

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“…Total DNA extractions were performed using standard methods [28]. PCR reactions were conducted in a programmable thermal cycler (PTC-200, MJ Research) and primers were synthesized by Eurogentec (Angers, France).…”

Section: Extraction Of Total Genomic Dna and Pcr Amplificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and diversity of type III secretion system-like genes in saprophytic and phytopathogenic fluorescent pseudomonads

Mazurier

Lemunier

Siblot

et al. 2004

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Type three secretion systems (TTSSs) are protein translocation mechanisms associated with bacterial pathogenicity in host plants, and hypersensitive reactions in non-host plants. Distribution and diversity of TTSS-like genes within a collection of saprophytic and phytopathogenic fluorescent pseudomonads were characterized. This collection included 16 strains belonging to 13 pathogenic species, and 87 strains belonging to five saprophytic species isolated from plant rhizosphere and soil. Presence of conserved hypersensitive reaction/pathogenicity (hrp) genes (hrc RST) was assessed both by PCR using primers designed to amplify the corresponding sequence and by dot-blot hybridization using a PCR-amplified hrc RST fragment as a probe. PCR allowed the detection of TTSS-like genes in 75% and 32% of the phytopathogenic and saprophytic strains, respectively, and dot-blot hybridization in 100% and 49% of the phytopathogenic and saprophytic strains, respectively. The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of 26 amplified hrc RST fragments revealed a considerable diversity. Twenty-one distinct RFLP types were identified and one hrc RST fragment was sequenced per RFLP type. The obtained hrc RST sequences clustered into three groups. Two of these groups included both phytopathogenic and saprophytic strains. The diversity of 16S rRNA genes, commonly used as an evolution marker, was characterized using PCR-RFLP. Polymorphism of the 16S rRNA genes corresponded to that of hrc RST genes, suggesting that these genes have followed a similar evolution. However, the occurrence of few mismatches suggests that sometimes TTSS-like genes might have undergone horizontal genetic transfer.

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Escherichia vulneris : a New Species of Enterobacteriaceae Associated with Human Wounds

Cited by 520 publications

References 17 publications

Probing genomic diversity and evolution of Escherichia coli O157 by single nucleotide polymorphisms

Probing genomic diversity and evolution of Escherichia coli O157 by single nucleotide polymorphisms

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli from humans and animals differ in major phenotypical traits and virulence genes

Distribution and diversity of type III secretion system-like genes in saprophytic and phytopathogenic fluorescent pseudomonads

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