Escherichia

Abstract

Esch.er.i' chi.a . M.L. fem. n. Escherichia named after Theodor Escherich, who isolated the type species of the genus. Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / Escherichia Straight cylindrical rods, 1.1–1.5 × 2.0–6.0 µm, occurring singly or in pairs. Conform to the general definition of the family Enterobacteriaceae . Gram negative. Motile by peritrichous flagella or nonmotile. Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism, but anaerogenic biotypes occur. Oxidase negative. Chemoorganotrophic. Both acid and gas are formed from most fermentable carbohydrates, but i ‐inositol is not utilized and D ‐adonitol is utilized only by Escherichia fergusonii . Lactose is fermented by most strains of Escherichia coli , but fermentation may be delayed or absent in Escherichia blattae, Escherichia hermannii, Escherichia fergusonii , and Escherichia vulneris . Do not grow in KCN ( with the exception of E . hermannii and a small proportion of E . vulneris ). Usually do not produce H 2 S . E . coli occur naturally in the lower part of the intestine of warm‐blooded animals, E . blattae in the hind‐gut of cockroaches, and E . fergusonii, E . hermannii , and E . vulneris are found in the intestine, as well as extraintestinal sites of warm‐blooded animals. Seven copies of the rrn operon with genes coding for 16S, 23S, and 5S rRNA are present on the chromosome of E . coli . Comparative sequence analysis between the genes for 16S rRNA of E . coli, E . vulneris , and E . hermannii and homologous genes from all eubacteria places E . coli and E . vulneris together in a tightly related cluster with shigellae, and E . hermannii between Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter freundii (Cilia et al., 1996). Based on 16S rRNA sequencing, escherichiae belong in the Gammaproteobacteria . The mol % G + C of the DNA is : 48–59. Type species : Escherichia coli (Migula 1895) Castellani and Chalmers 1919, 941 ( Bacillus coli Migula 1895, 27.)

Antibiotic-resistant indicator bacteria in irrigation water: High prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli

“…Apart from many commensal strains, E . coli can harbor a wide variety of virulence genes and are divided into at least six main categories [ 85 ]. Pathogenic strains can be assigned a pathotype in dependence of the virulence genes they harbor.…”

“…coli (ExPEC) [ 86 ] was detected in eight of eleven strains ( Table 2 ). ExPEC are strains which can cause infection in organs other than the intestine, most commonly the urinary tract [ 85 ]. Other virulence factors frequently produced by uropathogenic E .…”

Sandaracinobacter neustonicus sp. nov., isolated from the sea surface microlayer in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean, and emended description of the genus Sandaracinobacter

“…As previously described [2], the presence of Bchl a and carotenoid pigment was determined for in vivo whole cells and acetone–methanol extracts with a spectrophotometer (S-3100, Scinco) for cells that had been grown in either the dark or the light for 7 days. Voges–Proskauer (VP) reaction was tested as previously described [26] with negative and positive control strains ( Escherichia coli KCCM 11234 T and Enterobacter aerogenes KCCM 12177 T , respectively) [28, 29]. H 2 S production assay was performed using triple sugar iron agar (Difco) with negative and positive control strains ( Escherichia coli KCCM 11234 T and Citrobacter freundii KCCM 11931 T , respectively) [28, 30].…”

Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plant at Zagazig City for Removing Microbial and Chemical Pollutants (Case Study)

“…Time and reside harmlessly in the colon. However, certain serotypes do play a role in intestinal and extra-intestinal diseases, such as urinary tract infections (Scheutz et al, 2005). Pathogens removal during primary treatment is highly varied with various removal rates reported for different organisms (Gray, 1989).…”