Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotype Nomenclature Based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence: A Consensus

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The standard method for determining the genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi is based on the DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. There are 81 genotypes with 111 genotype names: 26 genotypes have been identified exclusively in humans, eight have been identified in humans and in other hosts, 27 have been identified exclusively in cattle and pigs, six have been identified exclusively in cats and dogs, and 14 have been identified in miscellaneous hosts. Because none of these genotypes has taxonomic status and therefore do not adhere to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature regarding naming, some genotypes have received multiple names, each different and in separate publications by different authors. Because of the proliferation of genotypes with overlapping names and multiple hosts the scientific literature has become confusing and difficult to efficiently utilize. To reduce confusion and provide guidance for future publications we tabulated all names, GenBank accession numbers, and author citations and propose that the first published name has precedence and should become the primary name used in all subsequent publications in which genotyping is based on ITS sequencing. In those publications the names and GenBank numbers that were submitted at later dates should also be provided by the authors as synonyms to aid readers and reviewers.

Molecular Epidemiologic Characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV-Infected Persons in Benin City, Nigeria

“…14 In this study, however, contact with animals was not identified as a risk factor in E. bieneusi infection, although two of three major genotypes found in this study, D and IV, are common in domestic animals and wild mammals in many areas. 5,11 In a previous study conducted in Peru, contact with duck and/or chicken droppings was associated with an increased risk of microsporidiosis. 15 The 16.6% infection rate of microsporidiosis reported in this study is higher than the 7.3% infection rate reported in northern Nigeria.…”

HIV/AIDS-Associated Opportunistic Protozoal Diarrhea

“…[17][18][19] Because the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA has a high degree of diversity among the isolates, it has been useful in many studies for the detection and identification of E. bieneusi genotypes. 20 Therefore, DNA extraction was done for all the samples as previously described. 21 Further genomic analyses were carried out for amplifications of all fecal samples followed by sequencing.…”

Unusual Enterocytozoon bieneusi Genotypes and Cryptosporidium hominis Subtypes in HIV-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy

“…The established nomenclature systems were used in naming E. bieneusi genotypes and C. hominis and C. parvum subtypes. 24,25 The genetic relationship among E. bieneusi genotypes was assessed by a neighbor-joining analysis of the aligned sequences using the program Treecon (http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/software/details/3) and Kimura two-parameter distances. Bootstrap analysis was used to assess the reliability of grouping using 1,000 pseudoreplicates.…”