<i>Echinococcus canadensis</i> G8 Tapeworm Infection in a Sheep, China, 2018

Hua, Ruiqi; Xie, Yue; Song, Hai-Liang; Shi, Yixiang; Zhan, Jiafei; Wu, Maodi; Gu, Xiaobin; Peng, Xuerong; Yang, Guangyou

doi:10.3201/eid2507.181585

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…intermedius (G7) and E . canadensis (G8 and G10) have recently emerged in different provinces and hosts in China (Fu et al., 2021; Hua et al., 2019; Shi et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2018b; Yang et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2014). These host‐adapted genotypes of E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review

Hua

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a neglected tropical zoonosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) and remains a major public health concern globally. Here, CE isolates (n = 3310) with clearly defined genotypes and geographical origins in China were retrieved through our epidemiological survey (2016-2020) and systematic review . Existing known genotypes of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (E. granulosus s.l.) except for G4 have been found in China, particularly on the Tibetan Plateau, where their genetic diversity is unique to that part of the world. According to the systematic review, genetic compositions of E. granulosus s.l. in China were as follows: E. granulosus (G1, G3), 98.3%; Echinococcus ortleppi (G5), 0.1%; Echinococcus intermedius (G6, G7), 1.4%; and Echinococcus canadensis (G8, G10), 0.2%. Specifically, G1 was responsible for 97.7% of infections and characterized by the broadest host ranges and geographic distributions. Our epidemiological results showed a relatively stable genetic composition of E. granulosus s.l. in sheep and yaks from three CE hyperendemic provinces (Xinjiang, Sichuan, Qinghai). A higher proportion of fertile cysts were found in sheep (287/406, 70.7%) than in yaks (28/184, 15.2%). During the past 29 years, 51 cox1 haplotypes of E. granulosus s.l. were endemic in China. The ancestral haplotype (Hap_2) remained the most common haplotype, 12 relatively common haplotypes were endemic and nine newly reported haplotypes were found during the survey. Overall, our results demonstrate that the compulsory immunization of sheep and the pilot EG95 vaccination campaign in yaks are well matched with the current genotypic situation. In addition to yaks, we advocate for more surveillance of CE isolates from pigs, cattle, goats and camels, since their roles in the transmission and reservation of E. granulosus s.l. have been largely ignored in China.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review

Hua

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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“…As increasingly being identified in recent years, genotype G6/7 is now believed to have a much broader geographical distribution, wider host range and more significant impacts on human health in China and worldwide [6, 31, 32]. Three cases of genotype G8/10 infection were documented in China at present, two of which found on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau indicated a high probability that the transmission of this genotype occurs in the area [27, 33, 34]. Since the distribution and prevalence of genotype G6/7 and G8/10 in China are still unclear, thus the identification of them should be taken into account within the routine diagnosis and surveillance system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiplex PCR for differential detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto, Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus canadensis in China

et al. 2019

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Background Echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus is one of the most major infectious diseases in north-west highland of China. E. granulosus sensu strict, E. multilocularis , and E. canadensis are known to be the only three species related to human health transmitting in the areas. To achieve targeted treatment and control of echinococcosis, the accurate identification and discrimination of the species are important. However, currently the available diagnostic approaches do not present ideal results either in accuracy or efficiency. Methods In the study, a set of primers were designed to aim at the three human-pathogenic Echinococcus species in China. The one-step multiplex PCR assay was developed and evaluated for the specificity and sensitivity. A total of 73 parasitic lesions and 41 fecal materials obtained from human and various animals collected in the clinic and the field were tested to assess the applicability of this method. Results The multiplex PCR effectively detected the individual DNA from the targeted species and their random mixtures generating with distinguishable expected size of products. The detection limit of the assay for each of the three species was 5 pg/μl when they were tested separately. When DNA mixtures of the targeted species containing the same concentration were used as templates, the lowest amount of DNA which can be detected was 50 pg/μl, 10 pg/μl and 5 pg/μl for E. granulosus s. s., E. multilocularis , and E. canadensis respectively. No cross-reactivity was observed when DNA from eight genetically close species was used as control templates. The multiplex PCR identifications of all samples were in line with the original sequencing results except for those infected with E. shiquicus , which showed negative signals in the developed assay. Of all the tested stool materials, 16 were previously found positive for Echinococcus by visual and microscopic examination. Among these 16 samples, 13 were confirmed by the multiplex PCR, and the other three tested negative. Additionally, the multiplex PCR identified another 14 positive feces from the remained 25 stool samples which absence of worms. Conclusions The developed multiplex PCR shows advantages in fast diagnosis and large-scale epidemiological investigation, which proven to be a promising tool utilized in clinic and surveillance system. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-019-0580-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Echinococcus G6, camel-pig strain Echinococcus G7, camel-pig strain Echinococcus G8, American cervid strain Echinococcus G10, Fennoscandian strain Geographic distribution. North America, Europe, Middle East, China, east Africa (Romig et al 2015;Hua et al 2019). Natural hosts.…”

Section: Echinococcus Canadensis Webster and Cameron 1961mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Geographic distribution. North America, Europe, Middle East, China, east Africa ( Romig et al 2015 ; Hua et al 2019 ).…”

Section: Checklist Of Eukaryotic Human Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae

Mathison¹,

Sapp²

2021

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The classification of “parasites” in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.

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Echinococcus canadensis G8 Tapeworm Infection in a Sheep, China, 2018

Cited by 9 publications

References 9 publications

Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review

Genetic diversity of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in China: Epidemiological studies and systematic review

A multiplex PCR for differential detection of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto, Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus canadensis in China

An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae

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