<i>Cronobacter</i>: An Emergent Pathogen Causing Meningitis to Neonates through their Feeds

Tall, Ben D.; Chen, Yi; Yan, Qiongqiong; Gopinath, Gopal; Grim, Christopher J.; Jarvis, Karen G.; Fanning, Séamus; Lampel, Keith A.

doi:10.3184/003685014x13994743930498

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…These bacteria have been associated with cases of illnesses in neonates for which fatality rates ranging between 40 and 80% have been reported (Tall et al, 2014). Clinical manifestations of infection include necrotizing enterocolitis, septicemia and neonatal meningitis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic Characterization of the Highly Persistent and Potentially Virulent Cronobacter sakazakii ST83, CC65 Strain H322 and Other ST83 Strains

et al. 2017

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Cronobacter (C.) sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen and has been associated with serious infections with high mortality rates predominantly in pre-term, low-birth weight and/or immune compromised neonates and infants. Infections have been epidemiologically linked to consumption of intrinsically and extrinsically contaminated lots of reconstituted powdered infant formula (PIF), thus contamination of such products is a challenging task for the PIF producing industry. We present the draft genome of C. sakazakii H322, a highly persistent sequence type (ST) 83, clonal complex (CC) 65, serotype O:7 strain obtained from a batch of non-released contaminated PIF product. The presence of this strain in the production environment was traced back more than 4 years. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of this strain together with four more ST83 strains (PIF production environment-associated) confirmed a high degree of sequence homology among four of the five strains. Phylogenetic analysis using microarray (MA) and WGS data showed that the ST83 strains were highly phylogenetically related and MA showed that between 5 and 38 genes differed from one another in these strains. All strains possessed the pESA3-like virulence plasmid and one strain possessed a pESA2-like plasmid. In addition, a pCS1-like plasmid was also found. In order to assess the potential in vivo pathogenicity of the ST83 strains, each strain was subjected to infection studies using the recently developed zebrafish embryo model. Our results showed a high (90–100%) zebrafish mortality rate for all of these strains, suggesting a high risk for infections and illness in neonates potentially exposed to PIF contaminated with ST83 C. sakazakii strains. In summary, virulent ST83, CC65, serotype CsakO:7 strains, though rarely found intrinsically in PIF, can persist within a PIF manufacturing facility for years and potentially pose significant quality assurance challenges to the PIF manufacturing industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Genomic Characterization of the Highly Persistent and Potentially Virulent Cronobacter sakazakii ST83, CC65 Strain H322 and Other ST83 Strains

et al. 2017

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“…Surveillance studies have shown that Cronobacter contaminates a multitude of foods and environments, including water, infant foods (such as powdered infant formula (PIF) and follow-up formulas), dried milk protein products, cheese, licorice, candies, dried spices, teas, nuts, herbs, filth and stable flies, and PIF or milk powder production facilities and household environments [33]. The microarray was developed during 2009-2013 through the leveraging of WGS efforts of a five-member International Cronobacter consortium.…”

Section: Multiple Species Component Arraymentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancements in Microarray Utility for Detection and Tracking of Foodborne Microbes in the Genomic Era

Li¹,

Patel²,

Tall³

et al. 2017

Adv Tech Biol Med

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Outbreaks caused by foodborne microbes pose serious public health and food safety concerns worldwide. There is a great demand for rapid, sensitive and high-throughput methods to detect and track these pathogens in food, water and other environments. Recent advances in DNA genomic technology have enabled high-throughput analyses of strains by capturing total genomic content of strains and with concomitant comparative phylogenies. Microarrays are particularly adept for distilling large amounts of genomic DNA sequence information such as the gene(s) or genetic traits of hundreds of foodborne isolates in a single experiment. Hence, over the past two decades, microarray technology has advanced tremendously due to accessibility to thousands of complete and draft microbial genomes and this progress has led to the design and manufacturing of newer microarrays which can now identify gene sequence variations down to a single nucleotide polymorphism. DNA microarray remains a useful tool for rapid and refined genomic analysis of foodborne microbes. In this review, we will primarily focus our discussion on pathogen detection, serotype identification and tracking the genetic diversity and source of contamination of respective foodborne strains with our first-hand experience in using this technology.

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“…4 While infantile Cronobacter infections are often linked to the consumption of reconstituted, temperature-abused, intrinsically or extrinsically contaminated powdered formulas, these organisms are also found associated with other foods and food production environments, such as that of manufacturing facilities of dried foods, thereby posing a risk to susceptible consumers. 5 Previous studies by Lehner et al and da Silva Araujo et al reported the presence of 2 and 3 QS molecules in different Cronobacter spp., respectively. 6,7 Singh et al 3 identified a group of long chain AHLs, of C6-C18 in length, using High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in combination with 2 different QS screening bioassays based on Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4(pZLR4).…”

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confidence: 92%

Diverse profiles of N-acyl-homoserine lactones in biofilm forming isolates ofCronobacter sakazakii

2016

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Cronobacter: An Emergent Pathogen Causing Meningitis to Neonates through their Feeds

Cited by 30 publications

References 101 publications

Comparative Genomic Characterization of the Highly Persistent and Potentially Virulent Cronobacter sakazakii ST83, CC65 Strain H322 and Other ST83 Strains

Comparative Genomic Characterization of the Highly Persistent and Potentially Virulent Cronobacter sakazakii ST83, CC65 Strain H322 and Other ST83 Strains

Advancements in Microarray Utility for Detection and Tracking of Foodborne Microbes in the Genomic Era

Diverse profiles of N-acyl-homoserine lactones in biofilm forming isolates ofCronobacter sakazakii

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