<i>Crocus sativus</i>L. Versus Methylphenidate in Treatment of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind Pilot Study

Baziar, Sara; Aqamolaei, Ali; Khadem, Ebrahim; Mortazavi, Seyyed Hosein; Naderi, Sina; Sahebolzamani, Erfan; Mortezaei, Amirhosein; Jalilevand, Shakiba; Mohammadi, Mohammad-Reza; Shahmirzadi, Mahsa; Akhondzadeh, Shahin

doi:10.1089/cap.2018.0146

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Of these drugs, Ritalin is the most effective treatment in the long term . Nevertheless, its constant and chronic use could bring about several side‐effects such as nausea and vomiting, stomach pain, headache, and decreased appetite . Due to these probable adverse events, adjunctive therapy may receive a cautious welcome given that the add‐on drug might aggravate complications in patients with ADHD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of tipepidine as adjunctive therapy in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Dehbozorghi

Bagheri

Moradi

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Aim: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of tipepidine as an add-on to methylphenidate in the drug treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods: This study was an 8-week, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial recruiting 53 ADHD-diagnosed children. Patients were randomly divided to receive methylphenidate + tipepidine or methylphenidate + placebo for 8 weeks. Participants were assessed using the parent version of ADHD Rating Scale-IV and the Clinical Global Impression scale at baseline, at week 4, and at the end of the trial. Moreover, the safety and tolerability of the treatment strategies were compared.Results: On general linear model repeated measures analysis a significant effect was seen for time × treatment interaction on the total and hyperactivity-impulsivity subscales of the Parent ADHD Rating Scale-IV during the trial period (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 3.45, d.f. = 1.52, P = 0.049, and F = 5.17, d.f. = 1.52, P = 0.014, respectively). The effect for time × treatment interaction, however, was not significant on Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (Greenhouse-Geisser corrected: F = 1.79, d.f. = 1.43, P = 0.182). The frequencies of adverse events were similar between the two groups.Conclusion: Eight weeks of treatment with tipepidine, as a supplementary medication, resulted in satisfactory efficacy and safety of the adjuvant therapy in management of patients with ADHD. Rigorous investigations, however, involving larger sample sizes, more extended treatment periods, and dose responses should be considered.Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, affecting 3-7% of school-age children. It is delineated by inattentiveness symptoms, impulsive behavior, and hyperactivity in cases lasting for at least 6 months. 1 ADHD patients may have to deal with many challenges due to their unusual characteristics, which persist into adulthood in approximately 60%-80% of cases. 2 In general, patients with ADHD are susceptible to having slower rates of processing, lower self-esteem, increased risk of motor vehicle accidents, sexual and socially related problems, and psychiatric comorbidity. [3][4][5] Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder could occur due to imbalance of catecholamine metabolism in the cerebral cortex, and the impaired dopaminergic and noradrenergic function of several areas such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC). 6 Treatment for ADHD consists of behavioral therapy, drug therapy, or a combination of both; the two latter approaches seem to have the most effect. 7-9 Accordingly, the standard treatment for all groups of ADHD currently is focused on modification of the imbalance, using either stimulants or non-stimulants. Among the studied psychostimulants, methylphenidate (Ritalin) is the most extensively used medication, which leads to higher concentrations of synaptic dopamine by inhibiting the dopamine transporter. 10 Ordinarily, stimulants are safe and extremely effective; nonethele...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of tipepidine as adjunctive therapy in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Dehbozorghi

Bagheri

Moradi

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…A randomized double-blind study in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared the safety and efficacy of saffron versus treatment with methylphenidate to improve the symptoms. Twenty to thirty milligrams a day of saffron, depending on the weight of the child, were administered for 6 weeks, and there were no significant differences between the two treatments [131]. Thus, short-term therapy with saffron capsules showed the same efficacy compared with methylphenidate.…”

Section: Bioactivity Of Crocus Sativus L Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactivity and Bioavailability of the Major Metabolites of Crocus sativus L. Flower

et al. 2019

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Crocus sativus L. has been cultivated throughout history to obtain its flowers, whose dried stigmas give rise to the spice known as saffron. Crocetin esters, picrocrocin, and safranal are the main metabolites of this spice, which possess a great bioactivity, although the mechanisms of action and its bioavailability are still to be solved. The rest of the flower is composed by style, tepals, and stamens that have other compounds, such as kaempferol and delphinidin, which have an important antioxidant capacity, and these can be applied in foods, phytopharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The aim of this work was to provide an updated and critical review of the research on the main compounds of Crocus sativus L. flower, including the adequate analytical methods for their identification and quantification, with a focus on their bioactivity and bioavailability.

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“…Others evaluated the efficacy of MPH and saffron in treating children with ADHD. Their results showed no significant difference between the two groups under treatment with MPH and saffron (19). Some research also evaluated the effectiveness of other herbal medicine such as Valerian root, the results of which were significant (20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Comparison of Methylphenidate (MPH) and Combined Methylphenidate with Crocus sativus (Saffron) in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-Group, Clinical Trial

Khaksarian

Ahangari

Masjedi-Arani

et al. 2021

Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by behavioral and neurodevelopmental problems. It is estimated that 3 - 7% of children and adolescents suffer from this problem. Apart from synthetic drugs, other effective types of medication like herbal medicines are of great importance. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of methylphenidate (MPH) and its combination with Crocus sativus (saffron) in the treatment of children suffering from ADHD. Methods: The sample included 70 children aged between 6 and 16 years who had been diagnosed with ADHD. The patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n = 35 in each group). While both groups received 20 or 30 mg/d of MPH (20 and 30 mg/d for < 30 and > 30, respectively), one of them also received 20 or 30 mg/d of saffron in a capsule based on BMI (20 and 30 mg/d for < 30 and > 30, respectively). To collect data, parents and teachers completed Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS-IV). Also, for analyzing the data, the repeated measures analysis of variance (RMANOVA) was used. Results: The results of general linear model (GLM) repeated measures indicated that in both groups, the patients had less symptoms after eight weeks of treatment. However, after four weeks, the average score assigned by the parents and teachers in the MPH with saffron group was lower than the average total score in the MPH group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Using MPH combined with saffron proved to be more effective in the treatment of patients suffering from ADHD compared to separate treatments. It seems that the duration of therapy can be reduced and the effectiveness be improved by prescribing proposed combined treatment.

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Crocus sativusL. Versus Methylphenidate in Treatment of Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind Pilot Study

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Efficacy and safety of tipepidine as adjunctive therapy in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Efficacy and safety of tipepidine as adjunctive therapy in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Bioactivity and Bioavailability of the Major Metabolites of Crocus sativus L. Flower

A Comparison of Methylphenidate (MPH) and Combined Methylphenidate with Crocus sativus (Saffron) in the Treatment of Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-Group, Clinical Trial

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