<i>Colletotrichum orbiculare</i> Regulates Cell Cycle G1/S Progression via a Two-Component GAP and a GTPase to Establish Plant Infection

Fukada, Fumi; Kubo, Yasuyuki

doi:10.1105/tpc.15.00179

Cited by 38 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…In pathogenic fungi, appressoria are special infection structures that impart high turgor pressure and excrete plant cell degradation enzymes that aid the penetration of the infection peg into plant cells ( Mendgen et al, 1996 ; van Kan, 2006 ). Previous studies have demonstrated that many conserved signal modules are involved in appressorium formation and pathogenicity, at least including small GTPases ( Fukada and Kubo, 2015 ; Xu et al, 2016 ) and the MAPK pathway ( Hamel et al, 2012 ). In C. gloeosporioides , loss of CgRhoB resulted in shorter germ tubes and enhanced appressoria formation after germination on the hydrophobic surface.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CgMK1 Governs Appressorium Formation, Melanin Synthesis, and Plant Infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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The fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes infects plant hosts with a specialized cell called an appressorium, which is melanized and required for plant cell wall penetration. Here, we show that the mitogen-activated protein kinase CgMK1 governs appressorium formation and virulence in the poplar anthracnose fungus C. gloeosporioides. Deletion of CgMK1 impairs aerial hyphal growth and biomass accumulation, and CgMK1 is responsible for the expression of melanin biosynthesis-associated genes. CgMK1 deletion mutants are unable to form appressorium and lose the capacity to colonize either wounded or unwounded poplar leaves, leading to loss of virulence. We demonstrate that the exogenous application of cAMP fails to restore defective appressorium formation in the CgMK1 deletion mutants, suggesting that CgMK1 may function downstream or independent of a cAMP-dependent signal for appressorium formation. Moreover, CgMK1 mutants were sensitive to high osmosis, indicating that CgMK1 plays an important role in stress response. We conclude that CgMK1 plays a vital role in regulating appressorium formation, melanin biosynthesis, and virulence in C. gloeosporiodes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CgMK1 Governs Appressorium Formation, Melanin Synthesis, and Plant Infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Wang

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The cytoskeletal remodeling event that assembles F-actin rings at the base of the appressorium is essential for organization of the appressorium pore where the penetration peg emerges [31–33]. To monitor F-actin organization in the appressorium of the cothr4 mutant, we expressed the actin filament marker Lifeact-RFP in the cothr4 mutant and the wild-type, and observed RFP signals within the appressorium before emergence of the penetration peg.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threonine synthase CoTHR4 is involved in infection-related morphogenesis during the pre-penetration stage in Colletotrichum orbiculare

Harata

Okuno

2019

Preprint

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Upon recognition of host plants, Colletotrichum orbiculare, an anthracnose disease fungus of cucurbitaceous plants, initiates morphological differentiation, including conidial germination and appressorium formation on the cuticle layer. The series of infection processes of C. orbiculare requires enormous nutrient and energy, but the surface of the cucurbitaceous hosts is hardly nutrient-rich. Hence, C. orbiculare must exert tight management of its intracellular nutrients in order to properly induce infection-related morphogenesis. Here, we carried out a large-scale insertional mutagenesis screen using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation to identify novel genes involved in the pathogenicity of C. orbiculare and found that CoTHR4-encoded threonine synthase, a homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae THR4, is required for pathogenicity and conidiation in C. orbiculare. Threonine supplementation allowed the cothr4 mutant to produce conidia to a level equivalent to that of the wild-type. The conidia produced from the threonine-treated cothr4 mutant failed to germinate in the absence of threonine, but retained the ability to germinate and to form appressoria in the presence of threonine. However, the conidia produced from the threonine-treated cothr4 mutant remained attenuated in pathogenicity on cucumber cotyledons even in the presence of threonine. Cytorrhysis assays revealed that appressoria of the cothr4 mutant induced by exogenous threonine treatment showed low turgor generation. Taken together, these results showed that threonine synthase CoThr4 plays a pivotal role in infection-related morphogenesis during the pre-penetration stage of C. orbiculare.

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“…This is how Colletotrichum orbiculare, the causal agent of cucumber anthracnose disease, produces an infective hypha [48]. The infection process initiates with the germination of aseptate conidia, which results in a germ tube that eventually differentiates into a specialized dome-shaped structure called the appressorium, required for host penetration.…”

Section: Exploring the Surface: Activating Polar Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This cell cycle delay involves a two-component GAP complex (Bub2/Bfa1), which apparently targets the GTPase Tem1. Lack of function mutants in either GAP component result in a premature G1/S transition and a delay in the emersion of the germ tube, as well as additional posterior defects that fatally impair the infective process [48]. How the Tem1 GTPase is able to control the G1/S transition in this fungus is unknown, taking into account that in other systems these proteins are involved in mitosis exit [49].…”

Section: Exploring the Surface: Activating Polar Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence-specific cell cycle and morphogenesis connections in pathogenic fungi

Pérez-Martı́n

Bardetti

Castanheira

et al. 2016

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology

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To initiate pathogenic development, pathogenic fungi respond to a set of inductive cues. Some of them are of an extracellular nature (environmental signals), while others are intracellular (developmental signals). These signals must be integrated into a single response whose major outcome is changes in the morphogenesis of the fungus. The regulation of the cell cycle is pivotal during these cellular differentiation steps; therefore, cell cycle regulation would likely provide control points for infectious development by fungal pathogens.Here, we provide clues to understanding how the control of the cell cycle is integrated with the morphogenesis program in pathogenic fungi, and we review current examples that support these connections. Pérez-Martín et al., 2016 3

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Colletotrichum orbiculare Regulates Cell Cycle G1/S Progression via a Two-Component GAP and a GTPase to Establish Plant Infection

Cited by 38 publications

References 50 publications

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CgMK1 Governs Appressorium Formation, Melanin Synthesis, and Plant Infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CgMK1 Governs Appressorium Formation, Melanin Synthesis, and Plant Infection of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Threonine synthase CoTHR4 is involved in infection-related morphogenesis during the pre-penetration stage in Colletotrichum orbiculare

Virulence-specific cell cycle and morphogenesis connections in pathogenic fungi

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