<i>Clostridium butyricum</i>Strains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates

Cassir, Nadim; Benamar, Samia; Khalil, Jacques Bou; Croce, Olivier; Saint-Faust, Marie; Jacquot, Aurélien; Million, Matthieu; Azza, Saı̈d; Armstrong, Nicholas; Henry, Mireille; Jardot, Priscilla; Robert, Caroline; Gire, Catherine; Lagier, Jean-Christophe; Chabrière, Éric; Ghigo, Éric; Marchandin, Hélène; Sartor, Catherine; Boutte, P; Cambonie, Gilles; Simeoni, Umberto; Raoult, Didier; Scola, Bernard La

doi:10.1093/cid/civ468

Cited by 111 publications

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“…However, a growing problem is the gaps that remain in metagenomics, which correspond to unidentified sequences that may be correlated with an identified organism 9 . Moreover, the exploration of relations between the microbiota and human health require-both for an experimental model and therapeutic strategies-the growing of microorganisms in pure culture 10 , as recently demonstrated in elucidations of the role of Clostridium butyricum in necrotizing enterocolitis and the influence of gut microbiota on cancer immunotherapy effects 11,12 . In recent years, microbial culture techniques have been neglected, which explains why the known microbial community of the human gut is extremely low 13 .…”

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Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics

et al. 2016

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Metagenomics revolutionized the understanding of the relations among the human microbiome, health and diseases, but generated a countless number of sequences that have not been assigned to a known microorganism 1 . The pure culture of prokaryotes, neglected in recent decades, remains essential to elucidating the role of these organisms 2 . We recently introduced microbial culturomics, a culturing approach that uses multiple culture conditions and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight and 16S rRNA for identification 2 . Here, we have selected the best culture conditions to increase the number of studied samples and have applied new protocols (fresh-sample inoculation; detection of microcolonies and specific cultures of Proteobacteria and microaerophilic and halophilic prokaryotes) to address the weaknesses of the previous studies 3-5 . We identified 1,057 prokaryotic species, thereby adding 531 species to the human gut repertoire: 146 bacteria known in humans but not in the gut, 187 bacteria and 1 archaea not previously isolated in humans, and 197 potentially new species. Genome sequencing was performed on the new species. By comparing the results of the metagenomic and culturomic analyses, we show that the use of culturomics allows the culture of organisms corresponding to sequences previously not assigned. Altogether, culturomics doubles the number of species isolated at least once from the human gut.

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Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics

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“…Necrotizing enterocolitis caused by C. butyricum is common in preterm neonates, and can be life‐threatening 5. However, to the best of our knowledge, no such cases have been reported in adults.…”

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“…It has been reported that it inhibited the cytotoxicity of Clostridium difficile in an in vitro study and reduced C. difficile toxin A in an in vivo study 3, 4. However, some of these strains produce endotoxins and cause necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonates 5. The only toxin C. butyricum has been reported to produce is analogous to the type E botulinum neurotoxin secreted by Clostridium botulinum 6.…”

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Necrotizing enterocolitis associated with Clostridium butyricum in a Japanese man

Sato

Kujirai

Emoto

et al. 2018

Acute Medicine & Surgery

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CaseNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) caused by Clostridium butyricum is common in neonates; however, a case of NEC in adults has not been previously reported. An 84‐year‐old Japanese man developed C. butyricum‐related NEC during hospitalization for treatment of stab wounds to the left side of the neck and lower abdomen, without organ damage, and concomitant pneumonia.OutcomeThe patient developed acute onset of emesis accompanied by shock during his admission; partial resection of the small intestine was carried out due to necrosis. Pathologic findings showed mucosal necrosis and extensive vacuolation with gram‐positive rods in the necrotic small intestine. Blood culture tests revealed C. butyricum infection. The patient's condition improved after the surgery. He was moved to a rehabilitation hospital on day 66.ConclusionThis study suggests that hospitalized adult patients who receive antibiotic treatment are at risk for NEC.

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“…Si l'approche empirique, utilisant un microbiote entier, demeure la principale méthode qui a prouvé jusqu'à présent son efficacité, une meilleure connaissance des bactéries à l'origine de différentes pathologies permettra probablement d'envisager un traitement les ciblant spécifiquement. À titre d'exemple, il a récemment été montré que des souches toxinogènes de Clostridium butyricum étaient associées à l'entérocolite ulcéronécrosante [31]. On peut donc imaginer que réguler spécifiquement le microbiote du patient pourrait améliorer sa pathologie.…”

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Greffe de microbiote fécal et infections

Lagier

Raoult

2016

Med Sci (Paris)

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Clostridium butyricumStrains and Dysbiosis Linked to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates

Abstract: NEC was associated with C. butyricum strains and dysbiosis with an oxidized, acid, and poorly diversified gut microbiota. Our findings highlight the plausible toxigenic mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of NEC.

Cited by 111 publications

References 39 publications

Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics

Culture of previously uncultured members of the human gut microbiota by culturomics

Necrotizing enterocolitis associated with Clostridium butyricum in a Japanese man

Greffe de microbiote fécal et infections

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