Citrus x aurantiumessential oil as feed additive improved growth performance, survival, metabolic, and oxidative parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

Abstract

The effects of dietary supplementation of graded level (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ml/kg diet) of Citrus aurantium essential oil (EOCA) on the growth, metabolic, and oxidative parameters of silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) were investigated in a 60‐day growth trial. Fish fed with 2.0 ml EOCA per kg exhibited significantly better growth performance than those fed the control diet. Glucose, lactate, and protein levels in liver and muscle were altered significantly by dietary addition of EOCA. Hepatic lipid peroxidation levels, measured using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and lipid hydroperoxides assays, were reduced in animals receiving the diet containing EOCA. Superoxide dismutase activity was higher, while glutathione S‐transferase activity was lower in the liver of fish receiving 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ml EOCA per kg of diet than in control. The nonprotein thiols content was higher in fish receiving the EOCA‐containing diet. Thus, dietary addition of EOCA improved growth, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters in silver catfish and could be useful as dietary supplement.

Dietary limonCitrus × latifoliafruit peel essential oil improves antioxidant capacity of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) juveniles

“…In this study, tambaqui fed 0.25 and 2.0 ml EOCL/kg diet showed a reduction in the muscle lactate level compared to the control fish. In line with the present study, Lopes et al (2019) reported a reduction in muscle lactate levels in silver catfish fed a diet supplemented with the EO of C. aurantium . These authors reported that the lactate might have been mobilized to maintain normoglycaemia by gluconeogenesis in the silver catfish.…”

“…In this study, the addition of 0.5 and 1.0 ml EOCL/kg diet resulted in a significant reduction in muscle glycogen reserves, and those fed 2.0 ml EOCL/kg diet presented lower hepatic and muscular glucose levels compared to the control group, suggesting that the tambaqui might have used these reserves to maintain normoglycaemia. These data are in concurrence with the recent findings of Lopes et al (2019), who also determined a decrease in muscle glycogen reserves in silver catfish fed 1.0 ml of bitter orange oil ( Citrus × aurantium ). Baba et al.…”

“…Similarly, the addition of EO of C. limon (54.4% limonene) up to 10 ml EO/kg diet did not affect weight gain, specific growth rate, or the feed conversion rate in Mozambique tilapia, O. mossambicus (Baba et al., 2016). Dietary supplementation with EOs from the peel of other species of the genus Citrus , such as Citrus x sinensis (93% limonene), C. limon (81.4% limonene) and Citrus x aurantius (93.9% limonene), increased the growth of Mozambique tilapia (Acar et al, 2015), L. victorianus (Ngugi et al., 2016) and silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Lopes et al 2019) respectively. The difference in growth stimulation by EOCL and the EO of C. limon in the study by Baba et al.…”

“…Many species of this genus are cultivated on a commercial scale in tropical and subtropical areas, with an annual production of approximately 102 million tons (Hamdan et al., 2010; Zuo, Wanpeng, Yan, Chao, & Zhiqin, 2016). Recent studies have demonstrated that Citrus EOs (such as lemon and orange oils) increase growth performance and have antioxidant and immunostimulant effects in fish (Acar, Kesbiç, Yilmaz, Gültepe & Türker, 2015; Baba et al., 2016; Lopes et al, 2019). Citrus × latifolia Tanaka (Tahiti lime) is the third most important cultivated Citrus species after orange and mandarin (Kummer et al, 2013).…”

Substitution effect of Undaria pinnatifida with citrus ( Citrus unshiu , Marcovitch) peel by‐product in feed on the growth, body composition and air exposure stressor of juvenile abalone ( Haliotis discus , Reeve 1846)

“…peels are rich in numerous biologically active compounds, such as vitamin C, phenolic acids, pectin and flavonoids (Bocco, Cuvelier, Richard, & Berset, ; Manthey & Grohmann, ; Rafiq et al, ) having potential anti‐allergenic, anti‐atherogenic, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antithrombotic, cardioprotective and vasodilatory effects (Benavente‐García, Castillo, Marin, Ortuño, & Del Rio, ; Middleton, Kandaswami, & Theoharides, ). Several studies on dietary inclusion effects of citrus meal and citrus by‐products fermented on olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus , Temminck & Schlegel) (Lee et al, ; Seo, Kim, Son, & Lee, ) and red sea bream ( Pagrus major Temminck & Schlegel) (Song, Park, Lee, & Lee, ), citrus ( Citrus unshiu Marcovitch) pomace on abalone ( Haliotis discus discus , Reeve) (Jwa & Yeo, ), C. aurantium Linnaeus oil on silver catfish ( Rhamdia quelen Quoy and Gaimard) (Lopes et al, ) and essential oils extracted from bitter lemon ( C. limon Osbeck) peels on fish ( Labeo victorianus Boulenger) (Ngugi, Oyoo‐Okoth, & Muchiri, ) have been reported. Therefore, CPB seems to have high potential as an alternative source for MA in abalone feed as well.…”