Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum among students in northern Norway

Jensen, Alison; Kleveland, C.R.; Moghaddam, Amir; Haaheim, Håkon; Hjelmevoll, Stig Ove; Skogen, Vegard

doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04528.x

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In lower risk non-STI clinical attendees such as college students infection has been shown to range from <1% to 5%5 35 which is in keeping with our estimate in the Chlamydia screening population. The higher frequency of M genitalium in women attending clinics than the NCSP (3–5.3% vs 2.3%, respectively) may in part reflect the higher proportion of swabs taken in clinics than in NCSP settings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A cross-sectional study ofMycoplasma genitaliuminfection and correlates in women undergoing population-based screening or clinic-based testing forChlamydiainfection in London

et al. 2014

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ObjectiveTo determine Mycoplasma genitalium infection and correlates among young women undergoing population-based screening or clinic-based testing for Chlamydia infection.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNational Chlamydia Screening Programme (NCSP) and two London sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics.Participants2441 women aged 15–64 years who participated in the NCSP and 2172 women who attended two London STI clinics over a 4-month period in 2009.Outcome measures(1) M genitalium prevalence in defined populations (%). (2) Age-adjusted ORs (aORs) for correlates of M genitalium infection.ResultsThe overall frequency of M genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis was 3% and 5.4%, respectively. Co-infection was relatively uncommon (0.5% of all women); however 9% of women with C trachomatis also had M genitalium infection. M genitalium was more frequently detected in swab than urine samples (3.9 vs 1.3%, p<0.001) with a significantly higher mean bacterial load (p ≤ 0.001). Among NCSP participants, M genitalium was significantly more likely to be diagnosed in women of black/black British ethnicity (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.5, p=0.01). M genitalium and C trachomatis and were both significantly associated with multiple sexual partners in the past year (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.4, p=0.01 and aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.8, p<0.01). Among STI clinic attendees, M genitalium was more common in women who were less than 25 years in age.ConclusionsM genitalium is a relatively common infection among young women in London. It is significantly more likely to be detected in vulvovaginal swabs than in urine samples. Co-infection with Chlamydia is uncommon. The clinical effectiveness of testing and treatment strategies for M genitalium needs further investigation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A cross-sectional study ofMycoplasma genitaliuminfection and correlates in women undergoing population-based screening or clinic-based testing forChlamydiainfection in London

et al. 2014

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“…Two Norwegian studies among female volunteers <25 years of age have estimated the prevalence of C trachomatis at 2% 25 26. By contrast, according to a clinically based study from the catchment area of our SAC, the prevalence of C trachomatis was overall higher than that among the assault patients, as high as 16% among the youngest women (15–19 years) and 12% among those 20–24 years old 27.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Sexually transmitted infections among women attending a Norwegian Sexual Assault Centre

et al. 2014

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“…The population prevalence of U. urealyticum is unknown but is probably 5–15% in men aged 16–44 years old, being more common in younger men and associated with a recent change in sexual partner . U. urealyticum is associated with NGU.…”

Section: Menmentioning

confidence: 99%

Should we be testing for urogenital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men and women? – a position statement from the European STI Guidelines Editorial Board

Horner

Donders

Cusini

et al. 2018

Acad Dermatol Venereol

169

146

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At present, we have no evidence that we are doing more good than harm detecting and subsequently treating Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum colonizations/infections. Consequently, routine testing and treatment of asymptomatic or symptomatic men and women for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum are not recommended. Asymptomatic carriage of these bacteria is common, and the majority of individuals do not develop any disease. Although U. urealyticum has been associated with urethritis in men, it is probably not causal unless a high load is present (likely carriage in 40-80% of detected cases). The extensive testing, detection and subsequent antimicrobial treatment of these bacteria performed in some settings may result in the selection of antimicrobial resistance, in these bacteria, 'true' STI agents, as well as in the general microbiota, and substantial economic cost for society and individuals, particularly women. The commercialization of many particularly multiplex PCR assays detecting traditional non-viral STIs together with M. hominis, U. parvum and/or U. urealyticum has worsened this situation. Thus, routine screening of asymptomatic men and women or routine testing of symptomatic individuals for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum is not recommended. If testing of men with symptomatic urethritis is undertaken, traditional STI urethritis agents such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, M. genitalium and, in settings where relevant, Trichomonas vaginalis should be excluded prior to U. urealyticum testing and quantitative species-specific molecular diagnostic tests should be used. Only men with high U. urealyticum load should be considered for treatment; however, appropriate evidence for effective treatment regimens is lacking. In symptomatic women, bacterial vaginosis (BV) should always be tested for and treated if detected.

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Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum among students in northern Norway

Cited by 22 publications

References 33 publications

A cross-sectional study ofMycoplasma genitaliuminfection and correlates in women undergoing population-based screening or clinic-based testing forChlamydiainfection in London

A cross-sectional study ofMycoplasma genitaliuminfection and correlates in women undergoing population-based screening or clinic-based testing forChlamydiainfection in London

Sexually transmitted infections among women attending a Norwegian Sexual Assault Centre

Should we be testing for urogenital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men and women? – a position statement from the European STI Guidelines Editorial Board

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