<i>CFP</i>, the Putative Cercosporin Transporter of <i>Cercospora kikuchii</i>, Is Required for Wild Type Cercosporin Production, Resistance, and Virulence on Soybean

Callahan, Terrence M.; Rose, Mark S.; Meade, Maura J.; Ehrenshaft, Marilyn; Upchurch, Robert G.

doi:10.1094/mpmi.1999.12.10.901

Cited by 129 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Indeed, in bacteria, the secretion of the antibiotics and other secondary metabolites from the cells is performed by either MFS or ABC transporters, depending on the nature of the secondary metabolite (69) . MFS transporters have been identified in the gene clusters of several fungal secondary metabolites, including cephalosporin (129,130) , cercosporin (142) , and roquefortine C (83) , among others. In these cases, it is very likely that the MFSs are involved in peroxisomal transport of intermediates as occurs with the cephalosporin intermediates described in this article.…”

Section: Expert Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of substrates into peroxisomes: the paradigm of β-lactam biosynthetic intermediates

Martı́n

Garcı́a-Estrada

Ullán

2013

BioMolecular Concepts

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Peroxisomes are ubiquitous organelles that enclose catalases, fatty acid-oxidizing enzymes, and a variety of proteins involved in different cellular processes. Interestingly, the late enzymes involved in penicillin biosynthesis, and the isopenicillin N epimerization enzymes involved in cephalosporin biosynthesis are located inside peroxisomes in the producer fungi Penicillium chrysogenum and Acremonium chrysogenum. Peroxisome proteins are targeted to those organelles by peroxisomal targeting signals located at the C-terminus (PTS1) or near the N-terminal end (PTS2) of those proteins. Peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) are largely recruited by the interaction with specific sequences in the Pex19 protein. The compartmentalization into peroxisomes of several steps of the biosynthesis of penicillin, cephalosporin, and other secondary metabolites raises the question of how the precursors and/or intermediates of the biosynthesis of β -lactam antibiotics are transported into peroxisomes and the mechanisms of secretion of the final products (penicillin or cephalosporin) from peroxisomes to the extracellular medium. Recent advances in peroxisome proteomics, immunoelectron microscopy, and fluorescence labeling have shown that the transport of these intermediates is mediated by membrane proteins of the major facilitator superfamily class (drug/H + antiporters) containing 12 transmembrane-spanning domains (TMS). In some cases, the transport of the substrates (e.g., fatty acids) or intermediates may be mediated by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Knowledge on the transport and secretion mechanisms is of paramount importance to understand the complex mechanisms of cell differentiation and their crosstalk with the biosynthesis of different secondary metabolites that act as biochemical signals between the producer cells and also as communication signals with competing microorganisms (e.g., antimicrobial agents or plant elicitors).

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Section: Expert Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transport of substrates into peroxisomes: the paradigm of β-lactam biosynthetic intermediates

Martı́n

Garcı́a-Estrada

Ullán

2013

BioMolecular Concepts

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“…However, whether cercosporin plays a critical role in gray leaf spot has not been proven conclusively, there is considerable evidence that cercosporin is a broadly conserved, key component of pathogenesis among many Cercospora species. Upchurch et al (1991) reported that a cercosporin non-producing mutant of C. kikuchii, generated by UV mutagenesis, was not able to cause typical necrotic lesions on soybean, and Callahan et al (1999) demonstrated that C. kikuchii requires CFP1, a gene predicted to encode an ABC transporter, for protection against the toxic effects of cercosporin and virulence on soybean. In C. zeae-maydis, Shim and Dunkle (2003) demonstrated that the disruption of CZK3, which is predicted to encode a MAP kinase kinase kinase, caused pleiotropic phenotypes, including the abolishment of cercosporin biosynthesis, conidiation, and pigmentation.…”

Section: Cercospora Zeae-maydis Causes Gray Leaf Spot Of Maizementioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Pathogenesis by Light in Cercospora zeae-maydis: An Updated Perspective

Kim¹,

Ridenour²,

Dunkle³

et al. 2011

The Plant Pathology Journal

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The fungal genus Cercospora is one of the most ubiquitous groups of plant pathogenic fungi, and gray leaf spot caused by C. zeae-maydis is one of the most widespread and damaging foliar diseases of maize in the world. While light has been implicated as a critical environmental regulator of pathogenesis in C. zeae-maydis, the relationship between light and the development of disease is not fully understood. Recent discoveries have provided new insights into how light influences pathogenesis and morphogenesis in C. zeae-maydis, particularly at the molecular level. This review is focused on integrating old and new information to provide an updated perspective of how light influences pathogenesis, and provides a working model to explain some of the underlying molecular mechanisms. Ultimately, a thorough molecular-level understanding of how light regulates pathogenesis will augment efforts to manage gray leaf spot by improving host resistance and disease management strategies.

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“…While fungal MFS transporters were primarily thought to play a role in secretion of toxins (5,39), some MFS transporters have been shown to protect against fungicides. For example, replacement mutants of Bcmfs1, a MSF gene from B. cinerea, showed increased sensitivity to the natural toxic compounds camptothecin and cercosporin, produced by the plant Camptotheca acuminata and the plant pathogenic fungus Cercospora kikuchii.…”

Section: Efflux Transporters Allow Fungi To Grow In the Presence Of Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms and significance of fungicide resistance

Deising¹,

Reimann²,

Pascholati³

2008

Braz. J. Microbiol.

171

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In this review article, we show that occurrence of fungicide resistance is one of the most important issues in modern agriculture. Fungicide resistance may be due to mutations of genes encoding fungicide targets (qualitative fungicide resistance) or to different mechanisms that are induced by sub-lethal fungicide stress. These mechanisms result in different and varying levels of resistance (quantitative fungicide resistance). We discuss whether or not extensive use of fungicides in agricultural environments is related to the occurrence of fungicide resistance in clinical environments. Furthermore, we provide recommendations of how development of fungicide resistant pathogen populations may be prevented or delayed.

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CFP, the Putative Cercosporin Transporter of Cercospora kikuchii, Is Required for Wild Type Cercosporin Production, Resistance, and Virulence on Soybean

Cited by 129 publications

References 39 publications

Transport of substrates into peroxisomes: the paradigm of β-lactam biosynthetic intermediates

Transport of substrates into peroxisomes: the paradigm of β-lactam biosynthetic intermediates

Regulation of Pathogenesis by Light in Cercospora zeae-maydis: An Updated Perspective

Mechanisms and significance of fungicide resistance

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