<i>Candida africana</i> sp. nov., a new human pathogen or a variant of <i>Candida albicans</i>?

Tietz, Hans Jürgen; Hopp, Michael; Schmalreck, A.; Sterry, Wolfram; Czaika, V.

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0507.2001.00707.x

Cited by 86 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Examination of clinical details submitted with the isolates did not reveal a significant or unusual proportion of recalcitrant or recurrent infections associated with C. africana, compared to those associated with isolates of C. albicans sensu stricto, although generally the majority of yeast isolates from genital sites received by the MRL are from recurrent or recalcitrant infections. In agreement with previous reports (18,22,23), all 15 C. africana isolates were capable of producing germ tubes upon incubation in horse serum for 3 h at 37°C (Table 3). Similarly, C. africana isolates formed true hyphae in Dalmau cultures, although the quantity of hyphae produced and the speed of hyphal formation were much reduced compared to those for C. albicans and C. dubliniensis isolates (Table 3; data not shown).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…africana) (20), the taxonomic status of C. africana remains controversial. Although they are germ tube positive like C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, C. africana isolates studied to date have reportedly grown and produced hyphae more slowly than either C. albicans or C. dubliniensis and could be distinguished from both by an inability to assimilate several sugars or to produce chlamydospores and by appearance on chromogenic agars (18,19,(21)(22)(23). Moreover, despite an almost worldwide distribution, the overwhelming majority of C. africana isolates have been recovered from female genital specimens (reviewed in reference 16).…”

Section: T He Incidence Of Invasive Fungal Infections Caused By Unusualmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiology, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Pathogenicity of Candida africana Isolates from the United Kingdom

Borman¹,

Székely²,

Linton³

et al. 2013

J Clin Microbiol

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Candida africana was previously proposed as a new species within the Candida albicans species complex, together with C. albicans and C. dubliniensis, although further phylogenetic analyses better support its status as an unusual variant within C. albicans. Here we show that C. africana can be distinguished from C. albicans and C. dubliniensis by pyrosequencing of a short region of ITS2, and we have evaluated its occurrence in clinical samples by pyrosequencing all presumptive isolates of C. albicans submitted to the Mycology Reference Laboratory over a 9-month period. The C. albicans complex constituted 826/1,839 (44.9%) of yeast isolates received over the study period and included 783 isolates of C. albicans, 28 isolates of C. dubliniensis, and 15 isolates of C. africana. In agreement with previous reports, C. africana was isolated exclusively from genital specimens, in women in the 18-to-35-year age group. Indeed, C. africana constituted 15/251 (6%) of "C. albicans" isolates from female genital specimens during the study period. C. africana isolates were germ tube positive, grew significantly more slowly than C. albicans and C. dubliniensis on conventional mycological media, could be distinguished from the other members of the C. albicans complex by appearance on chromogenic agar, and were incapable of forming chlamydospores. Here we present the detailed evaluation of epidemiological, phenotypic, and clinical features and antifungal susceptibility profiles of United Kingdom isolates of C. africana. Furthermore, we demonstrate that C. africana is significantly less pathogenic than C. albicans and C. dubliniensis in the Galleria mellonella insect systemic infection model.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: T He Incidence Of Invasive Fungal Infections Caused By Unusualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Pathogenicity of Candida africana Isolates from the United Kingdom

Borman¹,

Székely²,

Linton³

et al. 2013

J Clin Microbiol

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“…The probes we designed are listed in Table 2. The probes designed for C. albicans, Ca170 and Ca176, have identical sequences in the closely related and recently described species Candida africana (45). The C. tropicalis probe, Ct171, has an identical sequence in C. sojae and one mismatch in C. maltosa.…”

Section: Vol 46 2008 Identification Of Clinically Relevant Yeast Spmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Identification of Clinically Relevant Candida Yeast Species by Use of an Assay Combining Panfungal Loop-Mediated Isothermal DNA Amplification with Hybridization to Species-Specific Oligonucleotide Probes

2008

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The occurrence of invasive mycoses has progressively increased in recent years. Yeasts of the genus Candida remain the leading etiologic agents of those infections. Early identification of opportunistic yeasts may contribute significantly to improved disease management and the selection of appropriate antifungal therapy. We developed a rapid and reliable molecular identification system for clinically relevant yeasts that makes use of nonspecific primers to amplify a region of the 26S rRNA gene, followed by reverse hybridization of the digoxigenin-labeled products to a panel of species-specific oligonucleotide probes arranged on a nylon membrane macroarray format. DNA amplification was achieved by the recently developed loop-mediated isothermal DNA amplification technology, a promising option for the development of improved laboratory diagnostic kits. The newly developed method was successful in distinguishing among the major clinically relevant yeasts associated with bloodstream infections by using simple, rapid, and cost-effective procedures and equipment.

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“…Other notable isolates included SC5314, which was used for whole-genome sequencing of C. albicans (21) and is the wild-type isolate used widely for gene disruption research (16); a representative from the set of 16 serial isolates with increasing fluconazole resistance from a patient infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (38,51), provided by Theodore White; isolate NCPF3153, often referred to as 3153A and used in many laboratories; and isolate MYA-2669, the type strain of the putative species Candida africana (49), purchased from the American Type Culture Collection. A large set of isolates was provided from the collection of the Belgian Institute for Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Medicine (IHEM) through the collaboration of Nicole Nolard and Françoise Symoens; some of these were subcultures originally obtained from the senior author's collection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Population Structure and Properties of Candida albicans , as Determined by Multilocus Sequence Typing

et al. 2005

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We submitted a panel of 416 isolates of Candida albicans from separate sources to multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The data generated determined a population structure in which four major clades of closely related isolates were delineated, together with eight minor clades comprising five or more isolates. By Fisher's exact test, a statistically significant association was found between particular clades and the anatomical source, geographical source, ABC genotype, decade of isolation, and homozygosity versus heterozygosity at the mating type-like locus (MTL) of the isolates in the clade. However, these associations may have been influenced by confounding variables, since in a univariate analysis of variance, only the clade associations with ABC type and anatomical source emerged as statistically significant, providing the first indication of possible differences between C. albicans strain type clades and their propensity to infect or colonize different anatomical locations. There were no significant differences between clades with respect to distributions of isolates resistant to fluconazole, itraconazole, or flucytosine. However, the majority of flucytosine-resistant isolates belonged to clade 1, and these isolates, but not flucytosine-resistant isolates in other clades, bore a unique mutation in the FUR1 gene that probably accounts for their resistance. A significantly higher proportion of isolates resistant to fluconazole, itraconazole, and flucytosine were homozygous at the MTL, suggesting that antifungal pressure may trigger a common mechanism that leads both to resistance and to MTL homozygosity. The utility of MLST for determining clade assignments of clinical isolates will form the basis for strain selection for future research into C. albicans virulence.Differentiation of microbial isolates by sequencing a small sample of unrelated housekeeping genes has become established as a reliable and effective method for typing strains of many bacteria (9, 50). Such multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is highly reproducible, and data can be archived in Web-based databases accessible to all users. For the fungal pathogen Candida albicans, an MLST system based on seven DNA fragments was developed as an optimal consensus for typing strains within the species (6) following two earlier proposed systems (5, 48). Because C. albicans is a diploid organism, sequence data contain heterozygous as well as homozygous sites, adding an extra discriminatory feature to MLST for this species.Among other approaches to strain typing of C. albicans, DNA fingerprinting based on the moderately repetitive sequence Ca3 has been widely used. By this method, C. albicans populations were shown to comprise five major clades of closely related strain types (46), including clades enriched in isolates from Europe (36) and South Africa (2, 3). Resistance of C. albicans to flucytosine in vitro was found to be a property restricted almost entirely to isolates from a single C. albicans clade as determined by Ca3 fingerprinting (37), and the sole me...

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Candida africana sp. nov., a new human pathogen or a variant of Candida albicans?

Cited by 86 publications

References 25 publications

Epidemiology, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Pathogenicity of Candida africana Isolates from the United Kingdom

Epidemiology, Antifungal Susceptibility, and Pathogenicity of Candida africana Isolates from the United Kingdom

Efficient Identification of Clinically Relevant Candida Yeast Species by Use of an Assay Combining Panfungal Loop-Mediated Isothermal DNA Amplification with Hybridization to Species-Specific Oligonucleotide Probes

Population Structure and Properties of Candida albicans , as Determined by Multilocus Sequence Typing

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