Brachymeriaspp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) Parasitizing Pupae of Hersperidae and Nymphalidae (Lepidoptera) Pests of Oil Palm in the Brazilian Amazonian Region

Abstract

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Bioecological aspects of Cynea (Cynea) diluta (Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae)

“…There are some records of Brachymeria spp. parasitising directly Lepidoptera pupae, such as Nymphalidae Tavares 2005, 2006;Nardi et al 2006;Tinôco et al 2012;Santos-Murgas et al 2019), Geometridae (Zache et al 2012), Saturniidae (Ramírez et al 2004), and Hesperiidae around Indonesia, India, Panama, and North and South Regions of Brazil (Salgado-Neto et al 2010;Erniwati and Ubaidillah 2011;Tinôco et al 2012;Gupta and Kalesh 2012;Gupta et al 2016;Santos-Murgas et al 2021;James et al 2022). The only information in respect of parasitism of Cynea is a report of the braconid Alphomelon xestopyga Deans, 2003 on larvae of C. irma (Janzen and Hallwachs 2009).…”

Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): development and reproduction in Lepidoptera palm oil pests

“…The natural biological control agents in palm tree crop in Brazil includes Chalcididae (Hymenoptera), Tachinidae and Sarcophagidae (Diptera) parasitizing Brassolis astyra Godart, B. sophorae, O. invirae and Opsiphanes sp. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) larvae and pupae in the coconut (Cocus nucifera) (Marcicano et al, 2007(Marcicano et al, , 2009 and oil palm (E. guineensis) (Tinôco et al, 2012) culture. This shows the importance of manipulating natural enemies to increase the biological control (Dobbs and Potter, 2016;Pereira et al, 2015;Smith et al, 2015).…”

Brachymeria koehleri (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae): first record as hyperparasitoid in Dione juno juno (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) pupae

“…scutellaris, were identified as B. koehleri (Figure 1B). In Brazil, B. koehleri was reported as a hyperparasitoid of C. scutellaris through Opsiphanes invirae (Huebner, 1818) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), in Pará (Tinôco et al, 2012) and was also reported as a hyperparasitoid of Lespesia melloi (Gil-Santana, Nihei & Nunez, 2014) (Diptera: Tachinidae) through pupae of Thagona tibialis Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (Tavares et al, 2013), in Lespesia sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae) through pupae of Parides ascanius (Cramer, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Tavares et al, 2006).…”