BEGGIATOA, THIOTHRIX, AND THIOPLOCA

Larkin, John M.; Strohl, William R.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.37.100183.002013

Cited by 149 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…As demonstrated in this study SR-FTIR spectromicroscopy imaging could associate the distribution of Archaea and Bacteria with biogeochemical compounds, giving us the opportunity to gain a more indepth insight of the underpinning biogeochemical processes. In Figure 5, for example, large, filamentous bacterial cells were observed along with increases in organic sulfate intensities, which suggests that these bacteria could belong to an sulfuraccumulating and -oxidizing bacterium such as Beggiatoa (Larkin and Strohl, 1983), a genus also identified in the biofilm core microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tackling the minority: sulfate-reducing bacteria in an archaea-dominated subsurface biofilm

et al. 2012

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Archaea are usually minor components of a microbial community and dominated by a large and diverse bacterial population. In contrast, the SM1 Euryarchaeon dominates a sulfidic aquifer by forming subsurface biofilms that contain a very minor bacterial fraction (5%). These unique biofilms are delivered in high biomass to the spring outflow that provides an outstanding window to the subsurface. Despite previous attempts to understand its natural role, the metabolic capacities of the SM1 Euryarchaeon remain mysterious to date. In this study, we focused on the minor bacterial fraction in order to obtain insights into the ecological function of the biofilm. We link phylogenetic diversity information with the spatial distribution of chemical and metabolic compounds by combining three different state-of-the-art methods: PhyloChip G3 DNA microarray technology, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectromicroscopy. The results of PhyloChip and FISH technologies provide evidence for selective enrichment of sulfate-reducing bacteria, which was confirmed by the detection of bacterial dissimilatory sulfite reductase subunit B (dsrB) genes via quantitative PCR and sequence-based analyses. We further established a differentiation of archaeal and bacterial cells by SR-FTIR based on typical lipid and carbohydrate signatures, which demonstrated a co-localization of organic sulfate, carbonated mineral and bacterial signatures in the biofilm. All these results strongly indicate an involvement of the SM1 euryarchaeal biofilm in the global cycles of sulfur and carbon and support the hypothesis that sulfidic springs are important habitats for Earth's energy cycles. Moreover, these investigations of a bacterial minority in an Archaea-dominated environment are a remarkable example of the great power of combining highly sensitive microarrays with label-free infrared imaging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Tackling the minority: sulfate-reducing bacteria in an archaea-dominated subsurface biofilm

et al. 2012

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“…A versatile (autotrophic/mixotrophic/ heterotrophic) energy metabolism using several electron donors (including hydrogen and organic compounds) and acceptors (including oxygen and nitrate) has indeed been reported for free and symbiotic epsilonproteobacteria of the Thiovulgaceae family (Campbell et al, 2006;Goffredi, 2010) and suggested for R. exoculata ectosymbionts (Hü gler et al, 2011). Mixotrophy/heterotrophy is also commonly accepted as a possible feature of gammaproteobacteria of the Thiotrichaceae family (Goffredi, 2010), as most Beggiatoa species can grow on acetate as sole added carbon source (Larkin and Strohl, 1983). It has been proposed but not investigated for R. exoculata epibionts (Hü gler et al, 2011).…”

Section: Carbon Fixation By Bacterial Chemosynthesismentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Energy could be stored as iron polyphosphate and sulphur globules like those observed ultrastructurally by Wirsen et al (1993) and Zbinden et al (2008) in thin filamentous bacteria. These could be identified as Leucothrix-like gamma-ectosymbionts because their APS pathway allows production of intermediate sulphur compounds and because the storage role of similar globules is well documented in their shallow-water relatives (Larkin and Strohl, 1983;Schulz and Jørgensen, 2001). Furthermore, these globules were shown to be empty in specimens maintained in a pressurised aquarium without electron donors (Zbinden et al, 2008).…”

Section: Carbon Fixation By Bacterial Chemosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Inorganic carbon fixation by chemosynthetic ectosymbionts and nutritional transfers to the hydrothermal vent host-shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

et al. 2012

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The shrimp Rimicaris exoculata dominates several hydrothermal vent ecosystems of the MidAtlantic Ridge and is thought to be a primary consumer harbouring a chemoautotrophic bacterial community in its gill chamber. The aim of the present study was to test current hypotheses concerning the epibiont's chemoautotrophy, and the mutualistic character of this association. Invivo experiments were carried out in a pressurised aquarium with isotope-labelled inorganic carbon (NaH 13 CO 3 and NaH 14 CO 3 ) in the presence of two different electron donors (Na 2 S 2 O 3 and Fe 2 þ ) and with radiolabelled organic compounds ( 14 C-acetate and 3 H-lysine) chosen as potential bacterial substrates and/or metabolic by-products in experiments mimicking transfer of small biomolecules from epibionts to host. The bacterial epibionts were found to assimilate inorganic carbon by chemoautotrophy, but many of them (thick filaments of epsilonproteobacteria) appeared versatile and able to switch between electron donors, including organic compounds (heterotrophic acetate and lysine uptake). At least some of them (thin filamentous gammaproteobacteria) also seem capable of internal energy storage that could supply chemosynthetic metabolism for hours under conditions of electron donor deprivation. As direct nutritional transfer from bacteria to host was detected, the association appears as true mutualism. Import of soluble bacterial products occurs by permeation across the gill chamber integument, rather than via the digestive tract. This first demonstration of such capabilities in a decapod crustacean supports the previously discarded hypothesis of transtegumental absorption of dissolved organic matter or carbon as a common nutritional pathway.

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“…They also produce gliding gonidia, form rosettes and have the ability to deposit intracellular sulfur granules (Larkin & Strohl, 1983;Williams & Unz, 1985a, b;Williams et al, 1987). Thiothrix species are found in a number of habitats, ranging from sulfide-containing natural waters (Brigmon et al, 1994a;Jones et al, 1982;McGlannan & Makemson, 1990) and irrigation systems (Ford & Tucker, 1975) to activated-sludge wastewater-treatment plants, where their presence in large numbers contributes to the problem of filamentous sludge bulking (Brigmon et al, 1994b;Eikelboom, 1975;Tandoi et al, 1994;Wagner et al, 1994;Williams & Unz, 1985a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some filamentous bacteria designated Eikelboom type 02 1 N (Eikelboom, 1975) and Leucothrix mucor also form rosette-like structures resembling those produced by Thiothrix species and produce gonidia (Brock, 1992;Williams & Unz, 1985a). As a result, there has been debate regarding the relationship between these bacterial taxa and the genus Thiothrix (Brock, 1974(Brock, , 1992Eikelboom, 1975 ;Harold & Stanier, 1955;Larkin & Strohl, 1983). Woese (1 987) has stressed that morphological characteristics are of little use as indicators of phylogenetic relationships among the majority of bacteria and, in axenic cultures of Thiothrix species, the morphology of filaments is known to change (Brigmon et al, 1995;Shuttleworth & Unz, 1991.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic relationships of filamentous sulfur bacteria (Thiothrix spp. and Eikelboom type 021N bacteria) isolated from wastewatertreatment plants and description of Thiothrix eikelboomii sp. nov., Thiothrix unzii sp. nov., Thiothrix fructosivorans sp. nov. and Thiothrix defluvii sp. nov.

Howarth

Unz

Seviour

et al. 1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

116

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BEGGIATOA, THIOTHRIX, AND THIOPLOCA

Cited by 149 publications

References 0 publications

Tackling the minority: sulfate-reducing bacteria in an archaea-dominated subsurface biofilm

Tackling the minority: sulfate-reducing bacteria in an archaea-dominated subsurface biofilm

Inorganic carbon fixation by chemosynthetic ectosymbionts and nutritional transfers to the hydrothermal vent host-shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

Phylogenetic relationships of filamentous sulfur bacteria (Thiothrix spp. and Eikelboom type 021N bacteria) isolated from wastewatertreatment plants and description of Thiothrix eikelboomii sp. nov., Thiothrix unzii sp. nov., Thiothrix fructosivorans sp. nov. and Thiothrix defluvii sp. nov.

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