<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> associated with faeces of the Kerama‐jika, <i>Cervus nippon keramae</i>, a wild deer indigenous to the Ryukyus, Japan

Ohba, Michio; Lee, Dong–Hyun

doi:10.1002/jobm.200390016

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Using a mouse model fed with a controlled diet, analysis of 16S rRNA libraries of total genomic DNA repeatedly identified Bacillus mycoides (a member of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato species group) in samples of the small intestine [61]. B. thuringiensis , also a member of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato species group, has been found in the faeces of wild animals in Japan and Korea [62,63]. One of the most unusual spore‐formers found in the gut is Metabacterium polyspora , a large, anerobic Gram‐positive spore‐forming bacterium found only in the guinea pig [64].…”

Section: The Gut As a Habitat For Bacillus Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics: Table 1

Hong¹,

Duc²,

Cutting³

2005

FEMS Microbiol Rev

862

574

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The field of probiosis has emerged as a new science with applications in farming and aqaculture as alternatives to antibiotics as well as prophylactics in humans. Probiotics are being developed commercially for both human use, primarily as novel foods or dietary supplements, and in animal feeds for the prevention of gastrointestinal infections, with extensive use in the poultry and aquaculture industries. The impending ban of antibiotics in animal feed, the current concern over the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, the failure to identify new antibiotics and the inherent problems with developing new vaccines make a compelling case for developing alternative prophylactics. Among the large number of probiotic products in use today are bacterial spore formers, mostly of the genus Bacillus. Used primarily in their spore form, these products have been shown to prevent gastrointestinal disorders and the diversity of species used and their applications are astonishing. Understanding the nature of this probiotic effect is complicated, not only because of the complexities of understanding the microbial interactions that occur within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), but also because Bacillus species are considered allochthonous microorganisms. This review summarizes the commercial applications of Bacillus probiotics. A case will be made that many Bacillus species should not be considered allochthonous microorganisms but, instead, ones that have a bimodal life cycle of growth and sporulation in the environment as well as within the GIT. Specific mechanisms for how Bacillus species can inhibit gastrointestinal infections will be covered, including immunomodulation and the synthesis of antimicrobials. Finally, the safety and licensing issues that affect the use of Bacillus species for commercial development will be summarized, together with evidence showing the growing need to evaluate the safety of individual Bacillus strains as well as species on a case by case by basis.

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Section: The Gut As a Habitat For Bacillus Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics: Table 1

Hong¹,

Duc²,

Cutting³

2005

FEMS Microbiol Rev

862

574

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a soil-borne, entomopathogenic bacterium showing cosmopolitan distribution. Bt strains have been isolated from naturally occurring samples such as insect cadavers (Chilcott and Wigley 1993), insect larvae (Brownbridge and Margalith 1986) and stored grains (Delucca et al 1982), coupled with these, other habitats of Bt include the following: leaves (Ohba 1996), faeces of wild shika deer (Ohba and Lee 2003), guano of penguin (Forsyth and Logan 2000), aquatic and terrestrial environments (Mart ınez and Caballero 2002), etc. This ubiquitous nature of Bt makes its exploitation in the area of pest management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated from the gut of Malabari goat is effective against Tetranychus macfarlanei

Neethu

Priji

Unni

et al. 2015

J Applied Entomology

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This study illustrates a novel strain (designated as BPU5) of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) isolated from the rumen of Malabari goat, capable of producing polymorphic δ‐endotoxin crystals concomitantly with sporulation in Luria–Bertani medium (LB), and the δ‐endotoxin was efficient to combat Tetranychus macfarlanei, a devastating mite. Polymorphic δ‐endotoxin crystals produced were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and monitored its production concomitantly with sporulation in LB with or without sugar supplements. Toxicity of the δ‐endotoxin was assessed on T. macfarlanei using leaf disc bioassay method. Mortality rate was determined by comparing the survival of mites on the diet (prepared in 10% sucrose and powdered rice husk) containing different concentrations (1–10 mg/ml) of 72‐h‐old crude pellet (dried mixture of δ‐endotoxin (17 mg/g pellet), endospores and a few vegetative cells) or control diet with autoclaved pellet. The maximum production (1.39 mg/ml) of δ‐endotoxin was observed at 72 h in LB. Among the sugars (glucose, sucrose, maltose or lactose) tested as additional carbon source, glucose (8 g/l) enhanced (1.82 mg/ml) the production of δ‐endotoxin by 30%. The lethal concentration (LC50) required to kill 50% mites was estimated as 8.024 mg/ml. The δ‐endotoxin produced by B. thuringiensis BPU5 is shown to efficiently combat T. macfarlanei, a devastating mite infesting agricultural fields.

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“…The use of environmentally safe insecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (Bt, ubiquitous gram-positive, spore-forming soil bacterium) as an effective insect control strategy is well documented (Kumar et al, 2008;Vasquez et al, 2009). Furthermore, Bt arises from natural habitats including soil (Martin and Travers, 1989;Hastowo et al, 1992), insects (Carozzi et al, 1991;Cavados et al, 2014), stored products (Meadows et al, 1992), aquatic environments (Ichimatsu et al, 2000), feces (Lee et al, 2003;Ohba and Lee, 2003), and plants (Ohba, 1996;Mizuki et al, 1999;Zhang et al, 2007;Maduell et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The colonization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains in bryophytes

Lin¹,

Zhu²,

Carballar-Lejarazú³

et al. 2017

Turk J Biol

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In our previous study, several Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains were isolated from bryophyte samples, indicating that bryophytes could serve as Bt reservoirs in the wild. SFR13 is a wild strain isolated from the bryophyta Physcomitrium japonicum. In order to understand its ecological properties, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled SFR13 (SFR13GFP) was generated to evaluate the colonization capability in bryophytes, using dynamic tracing and cell counting to observe the process and patterns of colonization. Our results showed that genetic stability, growth curve dynamics, and insecticidal crystal production were not affected by GFP expression in Bt. Fluorescence microscopy was used to track the dynamic distribution of SFR13GFP. Distribution patterns showed that SFR13GFP can establish stable and long-term colonization in leaves and stems by the 26th day after inoculation. A better understanding of how Bt colonizes plants in the wild will not only result in increased knowledge of plant-microbe interactions but will also lead to a more successful and reliable use of bacterial inoculants.

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Bacillus thuringiensis associated with faeces of the Kerama‐jika, Cervus nippon keramae, a wild deer indigenous to the Ryukyus, Japan

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics: Table 1

The use of bacterial spore formers as probiotics: Table 1

New Bacillus thuringiensis strain isolated from the gut of Malabari goat is effective against Tetranychus macfarlanei

The colonization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains in bryophytes

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