Aronia–citrusjuice (polyphenol-rich juice) intake and elite triathlon training: a lipidomic approach using representative oxylipins in urine

Abstract

In the present study, we examined whether particular urinary oxylipins (isoprostanes (IsoPs), leukotrienes (LTs), prostaglandins (PGs), and thromboxanes (TXs)) in 16 elite triathletes could alter during 145 days of training. Within this time span, 45 days were dedicated to examining the effects of the intake of a beverage rich in polyphenols (one serving: 200 mL per day) supplemented in their diet. The beverage was a mixture of citrus juice (95%) and Aronia melanocarpa juice (5%) (ACJ). Fifty-two oxylipins were analyzed in the urine. The quantification was carried out using solid-phase extraction, liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The physical activity decreased the excretion of some PG, IsoP, TX, and LT metabolites from arachidonic acid, γ-dihomo-linolenic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid. The ACJ also reduced the excretion of 2,3-dinor-11β-PGF and 11-dehydro-TXB, although the levels of other metabolites increased after juice supplementation (PGE, 15-keto-15-F-IsoP, 20-OH-PGE, LTE, and 15-epi-15-E-IsoP), compared to the placebo. The metabolites that increased in abundance have been related to vascular homeostasis and smooth muscle function, suggesting a positive effect on the cardiovascular system. In conclusion, exercise influences mainly the decrease in oxidative stress and the inflammation status in elite triathletes, while ACJ supplementation has a potential benefit regarding the cardiovascular system that is connected in a synergistic manner with elite physical activity.

Blueberry and/or Banana Consumption Mitigate Arachidonic, Cytochrome P450 Oxylipin Generation During Recovery From 75-Km Cycling: A Randomized Trial

“…The oxylipin response to exercise is a new area of scientific endeavor, and little is known regarding their physiological roles during recovery or the influence of dietary interventions ( 5 , 27 – 30 ). Nearly half of the plasma oxylipins elevated in response to 75-km cycling came from the substrate ARA, and many of these were generated from the CYP enzyme system.…”

Changing to a Low-Polyphenol Diet Alters Vascular Biomarkers in Healthy Men after Only Two Weeks

“…No effect on TXA2 and PGI2 metabolites in urine, or on the ratio of both molecules, was found in healthy subjects consuming an American diet and another supplemented with cacao/chocolate (containing 466mg of procyanidins) for four weeks [ 48 ]. Moreover, after consuming a serving of aronia-citrus juice for 45 days, 16 triathletes had lower urinary excretion of 11-dehydro-TXB 2 , but no significant change was observed in the 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α (PGI 2 metabolite) [ 49 ].…”

Effect of a Blend of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Bixa orellana L. Herbal Supplement on the Recovery of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Induced by Unaccustomed Eccentric Resistance Training: A Randomized, Triple-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

“…The use of dietary supplements by athletes has increased in the last decade ( Sellami et al, 2018 ). Several ergogenic dietary supplements [for example, taurine, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) powder, vitamins, polyphenols, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fish oil, chondroitin sulfate] may help to improve muscle function and reduce symptoms of DOMS ( Harty et al, 2019 ) and to enhance vascular homeostasis and DNA repair mechanisms in elite triathletes ( García-Flores et al, 2016 , 2018 ). In sport, emerging evidence suggests that the chronic consumption of ginger may act to mitigate postexercise soreness ( Wilson, 2015 ).…”