Arcobacter butzleri isolates exhibit pathogenic potential in intestinal epithelial cell models

Abstract

Arcobacter butzleri has enteric pathogenic potential, characterized by defined interactions with human epithelial cells and strain-specific pathomechanisms.

Campylobacter fetus impairs barrier function in HT‐29/B6 cells through focal tight junction alterations and leaks

“…The threefold induction of apoptotic rate in cell monolayers after infection could contribute to the measured barrier defect to some extent, although the absence of caspase inhibition points to other barrier defects to overrule it. As shown by our group and others, apoptoses can be barrier relevant when increased in an epithelium, since apoptosis inhibition has been shown to reduce TER in other Campylobacteracea infection models without predominant focal leak appearance . These studies also revealed that apoptosis induction increases the permeability for small macromolecules like fluorescein, but with a restriction limit to larger molecules with a cutoff at 4 kDa .…”

“…As shown by our group and others, apoptoses can be barrier relevant when increased in an epithelium, 12,31 since apoptosis inhibition has been shown to reduce TER in other Campylobacteracea infection models without predominant focal leak appearance. [12][13][14] These studies also revealed that apoptosis induction increases the permeability for small macromolecules like fluorescein, but with a restriction limit to larger molecules with a cutoff at 4 kDa. 12,31 This 4-kDa cutoff was true for infection of HT-29/B6 monolayers with C. concisus as well as for chemical apoptosis inductors.…”

Arcobacter spp. in fecal samples from Brazilian farmed caimans (Caiman yacare, Daudin 1802)

“…Only limited information is available about the pathogenesis of infection by zoonotic species of Arcobacter. The in vitro interactions of Arcobacter isolates on human colon cell line HT-29/B6 were demonstrated by Karadas et al (2016). Açik et al (2016) showed that A. butzleri induced enteritis, congestion, and necrosis in the liver, kidney, and spleen in zebrafish.…”

Arcobacter

“…However, work reported to date is suggestive of Arcobacter spp. having the potential to adhere to and invade several cell lines including human intestinal epithelial cells causing cytotoxicity Levican et al, 2013c;Ferreira et al, 2015;Karadas et al, 2016). Putative virulence genes have been identified in various Arcobacter species/strains in numerous studies (Douidah et al, 2012;Levican et al, 2013c;Ferreira et al, 2015;Girbau et al, 2015;Piva et al, 2017).…”

“…Putative virulence genes have been identified in various Arcobacter species/strains in numerous studies (Douidah et al, 2012;Levican et al, 2013c;Ferreira et al, 2015;Girbau et al, 2015;Piva et al, 2017). Further work is required to better understand the relationship between these putative virulence markers and human clinical outcomes, though some tantalizing evidence suggests that Arcobacter has the potential to induce tight junction dysfunction (Bücker et al, 2009;Karadas et al, 2016), which may lead to diarrhea . This is similar to the effect observed with enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) infection (Strauman et al, 2010 (Wesley et al, 2000;van Driessche et al, 2005;Merga et al, 2011;Shah et al, 2013;Grove-White et al, 2014).…”