Arcobacter spp. in fecal samples from Brazilian farmed caimans (Caiman yacare, Daudin 1802)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to perform the identification and molecular characterization of Arcobacter cryaerophilus and Arcobacter butzleri isolated from caiman (Caiman yacare), kept at a production farm, in Brazil. Forty fecal samples were analyzed. After isolation and identification, 21/40 strains of A. butzleri and 19/40 strains of A. cryaerophilus were subjected to PCR for potential virulence gene detection. The results of the PCR showed 38/40 strains positive for the cadF, cj1349, ciaB, and tlyA genes, 39/40 strains positive for the pldA gene, and 40/40 strains positive for the mviN gene. None of the strains presented the irgA gene. Hemagglutinin (hecA gene) and hemolysin (hecB) genes were detected in 21/40 and 16/40 strains, respectively. The SE-AFLP showed a great genetic diversity, but some clonally groups were disseminated in various tanks. These data reveal that the strains presented the same virulence traits described from Arcobacter isolated from food-borne disease in humans.

Refitting the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease for the Eurotransplant Region

“…Thus, a small difference for many patients will give a high c-index increase, whereas a large change for a smaller number of (hyponatremic) patients gives little improvement. 12,14 Based on the current findings, reMELD-Na performed slightly but significantly better than reMELD. Also, it seems just to consider the proven effect of Na levels on mortality.…”

“…14 The study that formed the basis of the US switch from MELD to MELD-Na, showed a similar increase in c-index (i.e. 0.868 to 0.883), 12 which was considered an important increase and convincing evidence for possible MELD-Na implementation. Another large UNOS cohort study on improving MELD showed a c-index increase from 0.75 to 0.77.…”

“…For each recipient, the UNOS-MELD and MELD-Na score at first active listing were calculated. 11,12 Then, the Eurotransplant refit MELD (reMELD) score was constructed in the training data. For each MELD parameter, a multivariate generalized additive Cox model (GAM) with smoothing splines was plotted.…”

“…The UNOS regions have used MELD-Na for liver allocation since 2016. 3 Despite the proven impact of serum sodium levels on LT candidate survival, 12,14 Na is not used (yet) for the Eurotransplant liver allocation. The addition of Na to the reMELD gave a small but significant improvement in discriminative ability (c-index 0.866 to 0.869).…”

Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from red-footed pet tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp. from Grenada, West Indies

“…However, recent reports suggest that pathogens from both genera harbor companion pet animals [23][24][25][26]. Furthermore, some reports emphasize on the vast distribution and prevalence of Campylobacter and Arcobacter in host species not previously documented such as exotic pet animals [27][28][29][30]. The expanded host range of Campylobacter and Arcobacter now includes captive reptiles such as chelonians, lizards and snakes [2,[31][32][33].…”