<i>Arabidopsis</i>
            NPL1: A Phototropin Homolog Controlling the Chloroplast High-Light Avoidance Response

Kagawa, Takatoshi; Sakai, Tatsuya; Suetsugu, Noriyuki; Oikawa, Kazusato; Ishiguro, Sumie; Kato, Tomohiko; Tabata, Satoshi; Okada, Kiyotaka; Wada, Masamitsu

doi:10.1126/science.291.5511.2138

Cited by 622 publications

(562 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Thus, although CRY1, but not CRY2, has been shown to mediate a response to higher irradiances, a role for CRY1 during changes in irradiance and the high light response has not been previously described. Related to this proposed role of CRY1 in mediating light stress response, the phototropin PHOT2 was shown to regulate the avoidance movement of chloroplasts in response to high intensity blue light (Jarillo et al, 2001;Kagawa et al, 2001;Sakai et al, 2001). In low light, chloroplasts are distributed along the periclinal walls in a manner that presumably maximizes light capture for photosynthesis, whereas under high fluence rates, chloroplast damage is minimized by movement of the chloroplasts toward the anticlinal walls (Jarillo et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis Reveals a Critical Role for CRYPTOCHROME1 in the Response of Arabidopsis to High Irradiance

et al. 2007

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Exposure to high irradiance results in dramatic changes in nuclear gene expression in plants. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which changes in irradiance are sensed and how the information is transduced to the nucleus to initiate the genetic response. To investigate whether the photoreceptors are involved in the response to high irradiance, we analyzed expression of EARLY LIGHT-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN1 (ELIP1), ELIP2, ASCORBATE PEROXIDASE2 (APX2), and LIGHT-HARVESTING CHLOROPHYLL A/B-BINDING PROTEIN2.4 (LHCB2.4) in the phytochrome A (phyA), phyB, cryptochrome1 (cry1), and cry2 photoreceptor mutants and long hypocotyl5 (hy5) and HY5 homolog (hyh) transcription factor mutants. Following exposure to high intensity white light for 3 h (1,000 mmol quanta m 22 s 21 ) expression of ELIP1/2 and APX2 was strongly induced and LHCB2.4 expression repressed in wild type. The cry1 and hy5 mutants showed specific misregulation of ELIP1/2, and we show that the induction of ELIP1/2 expression is mediated via CRY1 in a blue light intensity-dependent manner. Furthermore, using the Affymetrix Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 24 K Gene-Chip, we showed that 77 of the high lightresponsive genes are regulated via CRY1, and 26 of those genes were also HY5 dependent. As a consequence of the misregulation of these genes, the cry1 mutant displayed a high irradiance-sensitive phenotype with significant photoinactivation of photosystem II, indicated by reduced maximal fluorescence ratio. Thus, we describe a novel function of CRY1 in mediating plant responses to high irradiances that is essential to the induction of photoprotective mechanisms. This indicates that high irradiance can be sensed in a chloroplast-independent manner by a cytosolic/nucleic component.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis Reveals a Critical Role for CRYPTOCHROME1 in the Response of Arabidopsis to High Irradiance

et al. 2007

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“…Ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized M2 seeds were purchased from Lehle Seeds or prepared by the Nisshoku Group. The phot1-5, phot2-1 and phot1-5 phot2-1 mutants and transgenic PHOT1-GFP plants have been described elsewhere [33][34][35] . blus1-3 (SALK_000221) and blus1-4 (GABI_222H02) were obtained from the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Center (NASC), Nottingham, UK and GABI-Kat, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation of BLUS1 kinase by phototropins is a primary step in stomatal opening

et al. 2013

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Opening of stomata in the plant facilitates photosynthetic CO 2 fixation and transpiration. Blue-light perception by phototropins (phot1, phot2) activates the plasma membrane H þ -ATPase, causing stomata to open. Here we describe a regulator that connects these components, a Ser/Thr protein kinase, BLUS1 (BLUE LIGHT SIGNALING1), which mediates a primary step for phototropin signalling in guard cells. blus1 mutants identified by infrared thermography result in a loss of blue light-dependent stomatal opening. BLUS1 encodes a protein kinase that is directly phosphorylated by phot1 in vitro and in vivo at Ser-348 within its C-terminus. Both phosphorylation of Ser-348 and BLUS1 kinase activity are essential for activation of the H þ -ATPase. blus1 mutants show lower stomatal conductance and CO 2 assimilation than wild-type plants under decreased ambient CO 2 . Together, our analyses demonstrate that BLUS1 functions as a phototropin substrate and primary regulator of stomatal control to enhance photosynthetic CO 2 assimilation under natural light conditions.

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“…phot2 was severely defective in the avoidance response but not the accumulation response ( Fig. 2A; Jarillo et al, 2001;Kagawa et al, 2001). pmi1phot2 showed a weak accumulation response similar to that of pmi1 and an impaired avoidance response similar to that of phot2 ( Fig.…”

Section: Genetic Interaction Between Pmi1 and Other Mutants Partiallymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phot-mediated chloroplast movement has been shown in land plants, such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; Jarillo et al, 2001;Kagawa et al, 2001;Sakai et al, 2001), the fern Adiantum capillus-veneris , the moss Physcomitrella patens , and the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (Komatsu et al, 2014). Two phots in Arabidopsis, phot1 and phot2, redundantly mediate the accumulation response , whereas phot2 primarily regulates the avoidance response (Jarillo et al, 2001;Kagawa et al, 2001;Luesse et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED1 and PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED1-RELATED1 Mediate Photorelocation Movements of Both Chloroplasts and Nuclei

et al. 2015

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Organelle movement and positioning play important roles in fundamental cellular activities and adaptive responses to environmental stress in plants. To optimize photosynthetic light utilization, chloroplasts move toward weak blue light (the accumulation response) and escape from strong blue light (the avoidance response). Nuclei also move in response to strong blue light by utilizing the lightinduced movement of attached plastids in leaf cells. Blue light receptor phototropins and several factors for chloroplast photorelocation movement have been identified through molecular genetic analysis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED1 (PMI1) is a plant-specific C2-domain protein that is required for efficient chloroplast photorelocation movement. There are two PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED1-RELATED (PMIR) genes, PMIR1 and PMIR2, in the Arabidopsis genome. However, the mechanism in which PMI1 regulates chloroplast and nuclear photorelocation movements and the involvement of PMIR1 and PMIR2 in these organelle movements remained unknown. Here, we analyzed chloroplast and nuclear photorelocation movements in mutant lines of PMI1, PMIR1, and PMIR2. In mesophyll cells, the pmi1 single mutant showed severe defects in both chloroplast and nuclear photorelocation movements resulting from the impaired regulation of chloroplast-actin filaments. In pavement cells, pmi1 mutant plants were partially defective in both plastid and nuclear photorelocation movements, but pmi1pmir1 and pmi1pmir1pmir2 mutant lines lacked the blue light-induced movement responses of plastids and nuclei completely. These results indicated that PMI1 is essential for chloroplast and nuclear photorelocation movements in mesophyll cells and that both PMI1 and PMIR1 are indispensable for photorelocation movements of plastids and thus, nuclei in pavement cells.

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Arabidopsis NPL1: A Phototropin Homolog Controlling the Chloroplast High-Light Avoidance Response

Cited by 622 publications

References 13 publications

Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis Reveals a Critical Role for CRYPTOCHROME1 in the Response of Arabidopsis to High Irradiance

Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis Reveals a Critical Role for CRYPTOCHROME1 in the Response of Arabidopsis to High Irradiance

Phosphorylation of BLUS1 kinase by phototropins is a primary step in stomatal opening

PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED1 and PLASTID MOVEMENT IMPAIRED1-RELATED1 Mediate Photorelocation Movements of Both Chloroplasts and Nuclei

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