Albizia lebbeckseed methanolic extract as a complementary therapy to manage local toxicity ofEchis carinatusvenom in a murine model

Abstract

Context and objective: Viperid venom-induced chronic local-toxicity continues even after anti-snake venom treatment. Therefore, traditional antidote Albizia lebbeck L. (Fabaceae) seed extract was tested against Echis carinatus S. (Viperidae) venom (ECV)-induced local toxicity to evaluate its complementary remedy. Materials and methods: Soxhlet extraction of A. lebbeck seeds was performed with the increasing polarity of solvents (n-hexane to water); the extract was screened for phytochemicals (alkaloids, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, saponins, steroids and tannins). In preliminary in vitro analysis, A. lebbeck methanolic extract (ALME) demonstrated significant inhibition of ECV proteases, the major enzyme-toxin responsible for local-toxicity. Therefore, in vitro neutralizing potential of ALME was further evaluated against hyaluronidases and phospholipase A 2 (1:1-1:100 w/w). In addition, alleviation of ECV induced characteristic local-toxicity [haemorrhage (i.d.) and myotoxicity (i.m.)] was determined in mice. Results: ALME contained high concentrations of phenolics and flavonoids and demonstrated significant in vitro inhibition of ECV protease (IC 50 ¼ 36.32 lg, p < 0.0001) and hyaluronidase (IC 50 ¼ 91.95 lg, p < 0.0001) at 1:100 w/w. ALME significantly neutralized ECV induced haemorrhage (ED 50 ¼ 26.37 lg, p < 0.0001) and myotoxicity by significantly reducing serum creatinine kinase (ED 50 ¼ 37.5 lg, p < 0.0001) and lactate dehydrogenase (ED 50 ¼ 31.44 lg, p ¼ 0

A Comprehensive Insight into the Phytochemical, Pharmacological Potential, and Traditional Medicinal Uses of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth.

“…In all these ethnomedicinal and traditional entities, the plant is ordinarily used to treat asthma, bronchitis, diarrhea, and gum inflammation with 4.88%, piles with 4.27%, parasitic infestation and snakebite with 3.66%, ulcer, scorpion sting, leprosy, and boils with 3.05%, and abdominal tumor, arthritis, cough, dysentery, night blindness, and poisoning with 2.44% in various countries. All plant parts, including root, leaves, flowers, bark, and seed, are useful in Indian traditional medicine in the treatment of several health ailments, for example, allergies, asthma, bronchitis, arthritis, fractures, gingivitis, gum inflammation, toothache, hemorrhage, leprosy, leukoderma, malaria, night blindness, scorpion sting, snakebite, and syphilis [ 10 , 15 , 26 ]. The bark is the most used plant part with 33.33% usage, followed by leaves, flower, seed (16.67%), root (9.52%), root bark, stem, and pods (2.38%) ( Figure 4 ).…”

“…Albizia lebbeck is used traditionally as medicine in the treatment of snakebite, and several researchers have experimentally evaluated the medicinal use of A. lebbeck against snakebite [ 9 , 10 , 31 ]. One of the studies revealed that seed methanolic extract exhibited significant ( p < 0.0001) antivenom activity with inhibition of ECV protease and hyaluronidase with IC 50 36.32 μ g, 91.95 μ g at 1 : 100 w/w, respectively.…”

“…One of the studies revealed that seed methanolic extract exhibited significant ( p < 0.0001) antivenom activity with inhibition of ECV protease and hyaluronidase with IC 50 36.32 μ g, 91.95 μ g at 1 : 100 w/w, respectively. Moreover, extract neutralizes ( p < 0.0001) ECV-induced hemorrhage with ED 50 26.37 μ g, myotoxicity by reducing serum creatinine kinase with ED 50 37.5 μ g ( p < 0.0001), and lactate dehydrogenase 31.44 μ g ( p = 0.0021) levels at 1 : 50 w/w [ 10 ].…”

Plant latex thrombin‐like cysteine proteases alleviates bleeding by bypassing factor VIII in murine model

“…Hemostasis is the physiological process which maintains the flowing blood in a fluid state within the blood vessel, while it aims at providing thrombotic response following injury to limit the blood loss . Many compounds affecting the hemostatic system have been described from several sources such as microbes, insects, plants, and snakes . Among plants, latices are one of the richest sources reported for their ability to interfere in hemostasis …”

“…1 Many compounds affecting the hemostatic system have been described from several sources such as microbes, insects, plants, and snakes. [2][3][4][5][6] Among plants, latices are one of the richest sources reported for their ability to interfere in hemostasis. 7 Latices of several plant species contain abundant active components including pharmacologically important proteases.…”