<i>Agrobacterium-</i>mediated transformation of Persian walnut using<i>BADH</i>gene for salt and drought tolerance

Bolagh, Fatemeh Rezaei Qusheh; Solouki, Alireza; Tohidfar, Masoud; Mehrjerdi, Mahboobeh Zare; Izadi-Darbandi, Ali; Vahdati, Kourosh

doi:10.1080/14620316.2020.1812446

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This enzyme orchestrates the breakdowns of the superoxide radicals (O 2 − ) into hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in the different organelles [20,29,46]. Since superoxide radial is the most abundant radicals in some organelles, such as chlorophyll cells [16,25,28,42], it might be said that SOD is the first defense level against occurring oxidative stress in plants [48] which is concordance with the results of the current study regarding high number of stress regulatory elements making SOD to quickly respond to the changing environment. Lin et al [32] reported that considering the regulatory elements within promotor region of any encoding gene is one of the important strategies to study the molecular responses of plants to different environments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a selection criterion for triticale grain yield under drought stress: a comprehensive study on genomics and expression profiling, bioinformatics, heritability, and phenotypic variability

et al. 2021

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Background The main objectives of this study were to find the possible structural association between the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and the grain yield of triticale plants as well as identifying the genotypic variability which might be effective on this association. Accordingly, expression levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isozymes (Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, and Fe-SOD) were appraised to distinguish any possible relationship between SOD expression and drought resistance of triticale. A novel analytical method for distinguishing elite genotypes based on measured features was proposed. Additionally, a new programing based on SAS-language (IML) was introduced to estimate the genetic parameters rooted from combined ANOVA model (linear mixed model), which is capable of being used in any field study other than the current one. Methods Thirty genotypes of triticale were studied under normal and drought stress conditions during 6 years (three different locations). Accordingly, based on the results of genetic variability, heatmap analysis, biplot graph, and clustering technique, two genotypes with the highest genetic distance were selected to appraise the differential expression profiling of three SOD isozyme in shoot and root organs. Results Field experiments and bioinformatics results showed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) was the most influential antioxidant in resistance of triticale to drought stress; therefore, it could be used as an indirect selection index in early stages to distinguish resistant genotypes to drought stress. Additionally, Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD showed roughly similar expression levels for both genotypes under drought stress. However, Cu/Zn-SOD expression level was higher in root and shoot of the tolerant genotype than the susceptible genotype. Conclusion Heatmap analysis that is applied for the first time to screen suitable genotypes, showed to be highly capable of distinguishing elite genotypes and pointing out the proper features for selection criteria. Bioinformatics results indicated that SOD is more important than other enzymatic antioxidant for being considered as selection criteria or candidate gene for transgenic purposes. Based on expressional results, Mn-SOD announced as a general isozyme that is probably highly expressed in most of the species, while, Cu/Zn-SOD was introduced as a genotype specific isozyme that is likely more expressed in tolerant genotypes

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a selection criterion for triticale grain yield under drought stress: a comprehensive study on genomics and expression profiling, bioinformatics, heritability, and phenotypic variability

et al. 2021

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“…Previous studies have shown that plants with glycine betaine deficiency exhibit a low tolerance for heat and salinity [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. A method for introducing the BADH gene into plants with a defect in the glycine betaine pathway that reduces their salt–stress resistance, such as Arabidopsis, Ammopiptanthus nanus, maize, potato, Persian walnut, wheat, etc., has been proposed [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ]. With the continuous development of transgenic plant varieties, monitoring the environment after their large-scale cultivation has received increasing attention in the past 20 years, especially insect-resistant or herbicide-tolerant crops [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Three-Year Plant Study of Salt-Tolerant Transgenic Maize Showed No Effects on Soil Enzyme Activity and Nematode Community

Zeng

Pei

Song

et al. 2022

Life

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The environmental effects of genetically modified crops are now a global concern. It is important to monitor the potential environmental impact of transgenic corn after commercial release. In rhizosphere soil, plant roots interact with soil enzymes and microfauna, which can be affected by the transgenes of genetically modified crops. To determine the long-term impact of transgenic plant cultivation, we conducted a field study for 3 consecutive years (2018–2020) and observed the enzyme activities and nematode populations in plots planted with transgenic maize BQ-2, non-transgenic wild-type maize (Qi319), and inbred line B73. We took soil samples from three cornfields at four different growth stages (V3, V9, R1, and R6 stages); determined soil dehydrogenase, urease, and sucrase activities; and collected and identified soil nematodes to the genus level. The results demonstrated seasonal variations in dehydrogenase, urease, and sucrase activities. However, there was a consistent trend of change. The generic composition and diversity indices of the soil nematodes did not significantly differ, although significant seasonal variation was found in the individual densities of the principal trophic groups and the diversity indices of the nematodes in all three cornfields. The results of the study suggest that a 3-year cultivation of transgenic corn had no significant effects on soil enzyme activity and the soil nematode community. This study provides a theoretical basis for the environmental impact monitoring of transgenic corn.

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“…The Agrobacterium -mediated transformation of Persian walnuts ( Juglans regia L.) cv . Chandler using a spinach BADH gene led to enhanced tolerance to osmotic (PEG) and salinity (NaCl) stresses (Rezaei Qusheh Bolagh et al, 2020 ). The overexpression of the Ammopiptanthus nanus BADH gene, a xerophyte leguminous shrub, in Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) led to a significantly increased tolerance of Arabidopsis transgenic plants to high salt and drought stresses.…”

Section: Glycine Betaine and Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ( mentioning

confidence: 99%

Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity

et al. 2021

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Abiotic stresses, mainly salinity and drought, are the most important environmental threats that constrain worldwide food security by hampering plant growth and productivity. Plants cope with the adverse effects of these stresses by implementing a series of morpho-physio-biochemical adaptation mechanisms. Accumulating effective osmo-protectants, such as proline and glycine betaine (GB), is one of the important plant stress tolerance strategies. These osmolytes can trigger plant stress tolerance mechanisms, which include stress signal transduction, activating resistance genes, increasing levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, protecting cell osmotic pressure, enhancing cell membrane integrity, as well as protecting their photosynthetic apparatus, especially the photosystem II (PSII) complex. Genetic engineering, as one of the most important plant biotechnology methods, helps to expedite the development of stress-tolerant plants by introducing the key tolerance genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of osmolytes into plants. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) is one of the important genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of GB, and its introduction has led to an increased tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses in different plant species. Replacing down-regulated ferredoxin at the acceptor side of photosystem I (PSI) with its isofunctional counterpart electron carrier (flavodoxin) is another applicable strategy to strengthen the photosynthetic apparatus of plants under stressful conditions. Heterologous expression of microbially-sourced flavodoxin (Fld) in higher plants compensates for the deficiency of ferredoxin expression and enhances their stress tolerance. BADH and Fld are multifunctional transgenes that increase the stress tolerance of different plant species and maintain their production under stressful situations by protecting and enhancing their photosynthetic apparatus. In addition to increasing stress tolerance, both BADH and Fld genes can improve the productivity, symbiotic performance, and longevity of plants. Because of the multigenic and complex nature of abiotic stresses, the concomitant delivery of BADH and Fld transgenes can lead to more satisfying results in desired plants, as these two genes enhance plant stress tolerance through different mechanisms, and their cumulative effect can be much more beneficial than their individual ones. The importance of BADH and Fld genes in enhancing plant productivity under stress conditions has been discussed in detail in the present review.

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Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Persian walnut usingBADHgene for salt and drought tolerance

Cited by 23 publications

References 47 publications

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a selection criterion for triticale grain yield under drought stress: a comprehensive study on genomics and expression profiling, bioinformatics, heritability, and phenotypic variability

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) as a selection criterion for triticale grain yield under drought stress: a comprehensive study on genomics and expression profiling, bioinformatics, heritability, and phenotypic variability

A Three-Year Plant Study of Salt-Tolerant Transgenic Maize Showed No Effects on Soil Enzyme Activity and Nematode Community

Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity

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