HZSM-5 Catalyst for Cracking Palm Oil to Gasoline: A Comparative Study with and without Impregnation

Roesyadi, Achmad; Hariprajitno, Danawati; Nurjannah, Nurjannah; Savitri, Santi Dyah

doi:10.9767/bcrec.7.3.4045.185-190

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Therefore, a high catalyst concentration led to a high Ni content in ZSM-5and an increase in number of active sites of catalysts. After the active site increases, the gasoline yield increases [1,6,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing the temperature to more than 450°C led to a decrease in the number of products. Using the HZSM-5 catalyst with or without impregnation decreases the activation energy of cracking [1]. Cracking becomes severe when reaction temperature and residence time increases.…”

Section: Figure 5 Product Yield Of Catalytic Cracking As a Function mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Around the world, environmental concerns and energy security issues have prompted legislation actions urging for alternative fuels. Biofuel has been considered as a perfect alternative energy source because it is renewable and has low toxicity emissions; thus, it can replace fossil fuels [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Biodiesel is usually obtained through the transesterification of vegetable and animal oils with alcohol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Cracking of Methyl Ester from Used Cooking Oil with Ni-Ion-Exchanged ZSM-5 Catalyst

Alfernando¹,

Sarip²,

Anggraini³

et al. 2019

Makara J. Sci

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Fossil crude reserves continue to decline, eventually leading to a reduced availability of fuel oil in Indonesia. Thus, the use of alternative plant-derived renewable energy sources, such as biodiesel should be considered. However, biodiesel as a fuel alternative has many drawbacks. In this study, biodiesel was cracked using a Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst to improve its quality. This work aimed to synthesize and characterize the Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst obtained from ion-exchange and catalytically crack methyl esters from used cooking oil. Three Ni-metal concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) were used for the ion-exchange of ZSM-5. Ni catalysts were then utilized for catalytic cracking at three temperatures (450 ºC, 500 ºC, and 550 ºC). X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the catalyst was in an aggregate form. SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that Ni was successfully adsorbed by the catalyst. The gravimetry of the catalytically cracked product revealed that the highest oil fraction was obtained using 1% Ni catalyst at 450 ºC. The largest chain obtained with this catalyst was diesel oil (C13-C19) with total 92.96% of covered peak area in the chromatogram/component quantity from gas chromatography.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 5 Product Yield Of Catalytic Cracking As a Function mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalytic Cracking of Methyl Ester from Used Cooking Oil with Ni-Ion-Exchanged ZSM-5 Catalyst

Alfernando¹,

Sarip²,

Anggraini³

et al. 2019

Makara J. Sci

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“…However, it is not economically effective due to the requirement of high temperatures, and the products are hydrocarbons with a wide range of boiling points, thereby necessitating further treatment [20][21][22][23]. On the other hand, catalytic cracking is the process of breaking hydrocarbon chains using a catalyst [24][25][26][27]. The catalysts used in the cracking process must be stable at high temperatures and easily separated from the product, such as heterogeneous catalysts consisting of metals with active materials and metal-supported catalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Cracking of Used Cooking Oil Using Cobalt-impregnated Carbon Catalysts

Prabasari¹,

Sarip²,

Rahmayani³

et al. 2019

Makara J. Sci

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This study investigated the cracking of used cooking oil using cobalt-impregnated carbon catalysts (Co-carbon) to produce biofuel. Carbon was impregnated with cobalt at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% to produce Co-carbon catalysts. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated the amorphous nature of the catalysts. SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirmed the successful impregnation of cobalt into carbon at levels of 4.46%, 6.74%, and 0.86% and further revealed that the Co-carbon catalysts contained pores and that each of them was slightly unique. The cracking procedure was conducted at 450°C, 500°C, and 550°C. Analysis of the catalytic cracking products revealed that the highest liquid oil fraction was obtained by catalytic cracking at 500°C using 1% Cocarbon catalyst, which also provided the lowest activation energy (E a). Catalytic cracking using 3% Co-carbon provided the highest yield of diesel oil (C12-C18) in the product.

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“…The other common method which is applied to produce biofuel from vegetable oil is thermal cracking and hydrogenation of vegetable oil in different reaction conditions and catalysts [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Based on our knowledge, hydroconversion of vegetable oil using Mo-based catalyst in the homogeneous aqueous phase is not reported in the previous researches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Biofuel from Palm Oil Catalyzed by Ammonium Molybdate in Homogeneous Phase

Sadighi¹,

Targhi²

2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Producing transportation fuels from bio sources was of prime importance due to the strict environmental legislations for producing clean fuels from conventional oil resources. However, the economical impacts of the biofuel production should be considered. In this study, the production of bio-naphtha and biodiesel from palm oil using homogeneous catalyst, i.e. an aqueous phase of ammonium molybdate, was studied. This catalyst was prepared by dissolving sodium molybdate in de-ionized water with hydrochloric acid, and then neutralizing the mixture with ammonium hydroxide. The solution was dried at 90 °C for 24 h to obtain ammonium molybdate. Then, characterization of the catalyst was done by informative techniques, such as XRD and FT-IR. The results showed that the main phase of the synthesized catalyst was molybdate ammonium hydrates (4MoO3.2NH3.H2O), and also bands of Mo-O, Mo-O-Mo, N-H and surface hydroxyl groups were observed in the sample. Moreover, activity test confirms that the bio-naphtha produced from the proposed method has a few aromatic components, and its sulfur content was negligible. Moreover, ash, nitrogen, sulfur and carbon residue were not detected in the produced biodiesel, and its Cetane index was 66.3. Therefore, it was a suitable fuel for diesel engines vehicles.

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HZSM-5 Catalyst for Cracking Palm Oil to Gasoline: A Comparative Study with and without Impregnation

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Catalytic Cracking of Methyl Ester from Used Cooking Oil with Ni-Ion-Exchanged ZSM-5 Catalyst

Catalytic Cracking of Methyl Ester from Used Cooking Oil with Ni-Ion-Exchanged ZSM-5 Catalyst

Catalytic Cracking of Used Cooking Oil Using Cobalt-impregnated Carbon Catalysts

Preparation of Biofuel from Palm Oil Catalyzed by Ammonium Molybdate in Homogeneous Phase

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