Fossil crude reserves continue to decline, eventually leading to a reduced availability of fuel oil in Indonesia. Thus, the use of alternative plant-derived renewable energy sources, such as biodiesel should be considered. However, biodiesel as a fuel alternative has many drawbacks. In this study, biodiesel was cracked using a Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst to improve its quality. This work aimed to synthesize and characterize the Ni-ZSM-5 catalyst obtained from ion-exchange and catalytically crack methyl esters from used cooking oil. Three Ni-metal concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3%) were used for the ion-exchange of ZSM-5. Ni catalysts were then utilized for catalytic cracking at three temperatures (450 ºC, 500 ºC, and 550 ºC). X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the catalyst was in an aggregate form. SEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis indicated that Ni was successfully adsorbed by the catalyst. The gravimetry of the catalytically cracked product revealed that the highest oil fraction was obtained using 1% Ni catalyst at 450 ºC. The largest chain obtained with this catalyst was diesel oil (C13-C19) with total 92.96% of covered peak area in the chromatogram/component quantity from gas chromatography.
This research was conducted with the aim of improving student learning outcomes and mastery of linear equation material through independent practice for class X students of SMAN 2 Lengayang. This research is class action research (CAR). The subjects in this study were 30 students in class X SMA Negeri 1. This research was carried out from July to September 2021 in the 2020/2021 Learning Year in Class X IPA 2 SMAN 2 Lengayang. This research was conducted in two cycles. Where each cycle begins with planning, implementation, observation/reflection and follow-up. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that through independent practice it can improve student learning outcomes in mastering linear equation material, namely class X A teachers. The classroom action research procedure used refers to the action research methodology, namely (1) planning, (2) implementation action, (3) observation and evaluation, (4) reflection, which was carried out in 2 cycles. Independent practice is a question exercise in which students create questions and their solutions after receiving the material and are accompanied by examples and how to solve them. The results of the independent exercise in cycle 1 showed that the skills of students in making questions and their solutions were 84.62%, and the results of the exercises in cycle 2 of students' skills reached 92.86%. Meanwhile, the average test result for cycle 1 was 71.9 and the average test result for cycle 2 was 79.9. This shows an increase in student learning outcomes. In this class action research, it can be concluded that independent practice can improve mastery of linear equation material for class X students of SMAN 2 Lengayang semester 2 of 2020/2021.
Telah dilakukan studi efek doping La terhadap struktur dan kehilangan refleksi menyerap gelombang mikro dari pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 untuk membentuk senyawa sistem Fe2-xLaxTiO5 dengan mentode ko-presipitasi. Sintesis sistem Fe2-xLaxTiO5 bertujuan untuk membuat material yang dapat berfungsi sebagai peredam paparan gelombang elektromagnetik peralatan elekronik telekomunikasi. Sistem Fe2-xLaxTiO5 (x = 0,01; 0,04 dan 0,2) dibuat dari campuran FeCl3, LaCl3 dan TiCl4 sesuai dengan perbandingan molnya masing-masing. Campuran bahan ini ditambahkan larutan NH4OH sampai dengan pH 12. Endapan yang terbentuk dicuci dengan air deminineral sampai pH 7 dan kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu 100 °C, disinter pada suhu 1000 °C selama 5 jam. Semua sampel dikarakterisasi dengan XRD (X-ray diffractometer) untuk identifikasi fasa, SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy) untuk pengamatan morfologi permukaan dan VNA (Vector Network Analyzer) untuk mengukur serapan gelombang mikronya. Hasil identifikasi fasa menunjukkan bahwa komposisi dengan nilai x = 0,01 dan 0,04 terbentuk 2 fasa yaitu fasa Fe2TiO5 dan FeTiO3 sedangkan komposisi dengan nilai x = 0,2 juga terbentuk 3 fasa yaitu fasa Fe2TiO5, FeTiO3 dan La2Ti2O7. Hasil pengamatan morfologi permukaan dengan SEM-EDS, menunjukkan bahwa distribusi partikel yang tidak seragam karena memiliki beda fasa. Sedangkan hasil pengukuran serapan gelombang mikro dengan VNA menunjukkan bahwa serapan maksimal gelombang mikro diperoleh pada komposisi nilai x = 0,04 (Fe1,96La0,04TiO5) yaitu sekitar 94% pada frekuensi 10,52 GHz.
The school of Ja al-Haq Bengkulu – it turned out that the students' mastery of language vocabulary has increased significantly than before. This increase in students' vocabulary proficiency appears as students are able to memorize the given vocabulary, use the vocabulary to form a sentence, and be able to translate into Arabic text. From this research is to determine the effectiveness of using Flashcard teaching aids to upgrade the vocabulary of seventh grade students in Islamic Junior Hight school Ja al-Haq Bengkulu.This study uses quantitative research using a quasi-experimental approach, and the data collection methods in this study are testing and documentation. The data sources in this study were seventh-grade students at the Islamic Junior Hight school Ja al-Haq Bengkulu. The data analysis technique in this research uses the normality test, homogeneity test, and t test.The results of the study showed, based on the research that was conducted, that there is no effect using Flashcard methods on the vocabulary results of students in the seventh grade at school. It came right.Keyword: Ja al-Haq, Flashcard, Vocabulary
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