Hypoxia-responsive covalent organic framework by single NIR laser-triggered for multimodal synergistic therapy of triple-negative breast cancer

An iodide-containing covalent organic framework for enhanced radiotherapy

“…Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which are crystalline porous polymeric materials with well-dened chemical structures, [25][26][27][28][29][30] have attracted extensive research interest in the tumor nanomedicine eld, and have been used in drug delivery, [31][32][33][34][35][36] phototherapy, [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46] and immunotherapy [47][48][49][50][51][52] because they are versatile and biocompatible. Recently, AgI@COF-TpBpy was used as a delivery vehicle for radioiodine in brachytherapy, showing a long tumor retention time and effective cancer cell killing performance; 53 however, to our knowledge, the potential of a metal-free COF itself as a radiosensitizer in radiotherapy has not been exploited.…”

Radio- and Photosensitizing Os(II)-Based Nanocage for Combined Radio-/Chemo-/X-ray-Induced Photodynamic Therapies, NIR Imaging, and Drug Delivery

“…In addition, due to the drug resistance and immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumor, a single modality of therapy in clinical practice cannot completely inhibit the progression of TNBC. 51 Therefore, the design of a multifunctional Os(II)-MOC that is able to integrate collaborative multimodal nanotherapies, bioimaging, and drug delivery may provide a promising strategy for theranostic nanomedicine and be expected to solve the problems of low efficacy and high toxic side effects during the treatment of TNBC.…”

“…Along this line, MOCs based on the heavy Os 2+ -metalloligand might be promising for cancer theranostics owing to their kinetic inertness, good stability under physiological conditions, excellent near-infrared (NIR) emission from the MLCT state, and potential X-PDT performance arising from the high-Z character of Os-element. – Among a few Os 2+ -MOCs reported for their physicochemical properties, , little attention was paid to their bioimaging and cancer therapy. In addition, due to the drug resistance and immunosuppressive microenvironment of the tumor, a single modality of therapy in clinical practice cannot completely inhibit the progression of TNBC . Therefore, the design of a multifunctional Os­(II)-MOC that is able to integrate collaborative multimodal nanotherapies, bioimaging, and drug delivery may provide a promising strategy for theranostic nanomedicine and be expected to solve the problems of low efficacy and high toxic side effects during the treatment of TNBC.…”

PD-L1 Blockade Peptide-Modified Polymeric Nanoparticles for Oxygen-Independent-Based Hypoxic Tumor Photo/Thermodynamic Immunotherapy

“…Among the diverse antitumor therapeutic strategies, photoresponsive therapies, such as mainstream photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), have garnered considerable attention and exhibit promising prospects for further development. − Single PTT treatments in the presence of selective photothermal agents (PTAs) with strong NIR absorption exhibit a number of desirable advantages such as high photothermal conversion efficiency, satisfactory biocompatibility, and acceptable tissue penetration. , PDT is a preferred option for synergistic therapy with PTT. Under the excitation of uniformed NIR laser sources, PTT and PDT exhibit synergistic antitumor effects, effectively relieving epidermal burns induced by excessive hyperthermia. − Simultaneously, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) largely generated by PDT, mainly including peroxides, superoxides, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen, leads to oxidative damage of lipids and proteins and plays a vital role in inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells. , Notably, when reaching a threshold concentration, ROS not only promotes tumor cell apoptosis but also amplifies the immunogenic cell death (ICD) effects and facilitates the release of ICD-associated damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).…”

“…1−3 Single PTT treatments in the presence of selective photothermal agents (PTAs) with strong NIR absorption exhibit a number of desirable advantages such as high photothermal conversion efficiency, satisfactory biocompatibility, and acceptable tissue penetration. 4,5 PDT is a preferred option for synergistic therapy with PTT. Under the excitation of uniformed NIR laser sources, PTT and PDT exhibit synergistic antitumor effects, effectively relieving epidermal burns induced by excessive hyperthermia.…”