An iodide-containing covalent organic framework for enhanced radiotherapy

Abstract

Metal-free radiosensitizers, particularly iodine, have shown promise in enhancing radiotherapy due to their suitable X-ray absorption capacities and negligible biotoxicities. However, conventional iodine compounds have very short circulating half-lives and...

A Multifunctional Covalent Organic Framework Nanozyme for Promoting Ferroptotic Radiotherapy against Esophageal Cancer

“…The high iodine content of TADI-COF ensured that this nanomaterial was an effective X-ray absorber, as substantiated by CT images and the corresponding 3D-reconstructed images of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) dispersions of the nanostructures (Figure K). Quantitatively, a good linear relationship existed between the CT values and TADI-COF concentrations, with a specific CT value of 7.89 ± 0.06 HU/mM (I equiv), which was comparable to that of the previously reported iodide-containing cationic TDI-COF (7.69 HU/mM), yet higher than those of the two common clinical CT contrast agents, iopromide (5.97 HU/mM) and iohexol (6.15 HU/mM), and a Hf-based MOF, UiO-66­(Hf) (3.75 HU/mM) . In addition, the specific CT value of TADI-COF-Fc was 7.78 ± 0.14 HU/mM (I equiv), which was almost exactly the same as that of TADI-COF .…”

“…Quantitatively, a good linear relationship existed between the CT values and TADI-COF concentrations, with a specific CT value of 7.89 ± 0.06 HU/ mM (I equiv), which was comparable to that of the previously reported iodide-containing cationic TDI-COF (7.69 HU/ mM), yet higher than those of the two common clinical CT contrast agents, iopromide (5.97 HU/mM) and iohexol (6.15 HU/mM), and a Hf-based MOF, UiO-66(Hf) (3.75 HU/ mM). 45 In addition, the specific CT value of TADI-COF-Fc was 7.78 ± 0.14 HU/mM (I equiv), which was almost exactly the same as that of TADI-COF. This indicated that the contribution of Fe(II) to the X-ray absorptivity was essentially negligible.…”

“…43 Although they have not yet been used for radiotherapy sensitization, COF-based nanozymes should, in principle, be synthesizable via function-oriented material design. If synthesized, the multifunctional COF nanozymes so obtained would not only increase X-ray energy deposition (owing to the introduction of high-Z elements) 45 but also exert multiple nanozyme effects, inducing sustained lipid peroxidation and reductant depletion, thereby disrupting cellular redox homeostasis and enhancing radiosensitivity. 46 Accordingly, herein, we report a multifunctional COF nanozyme, termed TADI-COF-Fc, which features iodine atoms and ferrocenyl (Fc) groups, for use in combination with radiotherapy in the treatment of radioresistant esophageal cancer (Figure 1A).…”

“…Due to advantages, such as easy synthesis and high catalytic activity, conferred by nanozymes, they have come to be considered as a next generation of enzyme mimics. , Nanozymes have very recently been successfully applied to ferroptosis-based tumor therapy. − Among the various nanozymes reported in the literature, covalent organic framework (COF) nanozymes have already exhibited excellent potential in sensing, − antibiosis, − and antitumor treatment − owing to their high crystallinity, intrinsic porosity, structural regularity, design flexibility, customizable pore environment, versatility, and exceptional stability. , Although they have not yet been used for radiotherapy sensitization, COF-based nanozymes should, in principle, be synthesizable via function-oriented material design. If synthesized, the multifunctional COF nanozymes so obtained would not only increase X-ray energy deposition (owing to the introduction of high- Z elements) but also exert multiple nanozyme effects, inducing sustained lipid peroxidation and reductant depletion, thereby disrupting cellular redox homeostasis and enhancing radiosensitivity …”

Symmetrical Localized Built-in Electric Field by Induced Polarization Effect in Ionic Covalent Organic Frameworks for Selective Imaging and Killing Bacteria

“…COFs can precisely assemble different molecular species into two-or three-dimensional (2D or 3D) structures. 9,10 The adjustable topology structures endow COFs with special characteristics, including porous structures, abundant active sites, and excellent electronic properties, which have attracted enormous attention on photocatalysis, sensors, and energy storage. 11−13 However, COFs always exhibit limited efficiency for charge separation and photocatalytic performance due to the strong exciton binding energy.…”