Hypothyroidism and mood disorders: integrating novel insights from brain imaging techniques

Pilhatsch, Maximilian; Marxen, Michael; Winter, Christine; Smolka, Michael N.; Bauer, Michael

doi:10.1186/1756-6614-4-s1-s3

Cited by 39 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…However, it is important to note that these were onetailed, as they were calculated post hoc and we knew the direction of the results (decrease in volume). Findings from previous studies, however, would support a directional hypothesis (14)(15)(16)25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…This suggests that the point at which thyroid hormone abnormalities begin during development and across the lifespan may have a greater impact on one region compared with another (13)(14)(15). Studies in neonatal, perinatal, postnatal, and adult rats have reported neuronal alterations that have been attributed to hypothyroidism, including changes in brain structure and function, short-and long-term memory, gene expression, cell signaling, and migration (9,11,12,(16)(17)(18)(19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Hippocampal Volume Is Decreased in Adults with Hypothyroidism

Cooke

Mullally

Correia

et al. 2014

Thyroid

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hippocampal Volume Is Decreased in Adults with Hypothyroidism

Cooke

Mullally

Correia

et al. 2014

Thyroid

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“…Those tracers bind to molecular structures like transporters and receptors in the human brain. Measuring of the local distribution of the bound tracers allows an estimation of regional brain activation or availability of receptors (3).…”

Section: Role Of Brain Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypothyroid states are associated with both functional and structural brain alterations and also seen in patients with major depression (3). Taken together overt 0.4% and subclinical 9%, hypothyroisism is prevalent in about 9.4 % of the adult population (4) and commonly affects brain function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Thyroid Dysfunction and Mood Disorders and Role of Imaging: a Review

Biswas

Dey

2016

Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med.

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Thyroid hormones play a critical role in the adult brain impacting mood and cognition. Some psychiatric symptoms are produced by thyroid illnesses and there is a frequent association of thyroid dysfunction with mood disorders. It is now clear that without optimal thyroid function, mood disturbance, cognitive impairment and other phychiatric symptoms can emerge. The usefulness of adding thyroid hormones to antidepressive treatment in euthyroid patients to obtain a potentiation effect has been proved repeatedly. The most common strategy is potentiation with T 3 , but high doses of T 4 have been also used in patients with resistant depression. Brain imaging techniques evaluating cerebral metabolism, perfusion, and anatomy enabled encouraging insights into the thyroid-brain relationship. The most consistent finding in patients with hypothyroidism is global diffuse hypoperfusion more pronounced in posterior brain region or in parietal lobe. Functional MRI in patients with thyroid diseases of different length and severity could help to identify functional aberrations such as memory impairments or altered emotional processing, which has long been suggested from animal studies. Structural changes related to myelin, which have been observed in various animal models, can now be studied with quantitative T2 or quantitative magnetization transfer (MT) imaging. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can reveal information on white matter integrity.

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“…[7] Furthermore, studies involving recent brain imaging techniques provide insights into the association of the various neurologic and neurobehavioral symptoms with hypothyroidism. [8,9] There has been a characteristic association between thyroid diseases and otological symptoms. Role of certain mucopolysaccharides have been found in otitis media and also in sensorineural hearing loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early detection of auditory dysfunctions in patients with overt hypothyroidism

Gupta¹,

Kaiti²,

Gupta³

2017

Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol

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Background: Widespread metabolic derangements in overt hypothyroidism have also been suggested to involve adult human brain with the involvement of cochlea and other inner ear structures. More interestingly, abnormal electrophysiological alterations in patients with normal hearing have also been documented. Aims and Objectives: This study is an attempt to detect auditory pathway dysfunctions by brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) tests in overt hypothyroidism patients without clinical evidence of hearing defects. Materials and Methods: BAEP was performed in 25 female patients with overt hypothyroidism in the age-group of 30-50 years and 25 age-matched healthy females. BAEP absolute latencies I, II, III, IV and V, interpeak latencies (IPLs) I-III, III-V and I-V and BAEP amplitudes of wave I, wave V and amplitude ratios were compared and analyzed in the two groups by unpaired t-test. Statistical significance was considered at P < 0.05. Results: BAEP responses revealed statistically significant prolongation of mean absolute latencies (I, III and V) as compared to controls (P < 0.05) (both the ears) by unpaired t-test. IPLs prolonged too with statistical significance for I-V IPL prolongation (P < 0.05). Furthermore, wave V amplitude was found to be reduced in overt hypothyroidism with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: BAEP documents abnormal alterations in patients with overt hypothyroidism with normal hearing with central as well as peripheral auditory pathway impairment. BAEP can be a useful objective tool to assess the patients for central nervous system involvement in overt hypothyroidism.

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Hypothyroidism and mood disorders: integrating novel insights from brain imaging techniques

Cited by 39 publications

References 83 publications

Hippocampal Volume Is Decreased in Adults with Hypothyroidism

Hippocampal Volume Is Decreased in Adults with Hypothyroidism

Association of Thyroid Dysfunction and Mood Disorders and Role of Imaging: a Review

Early detection of auditory dysfunctions in patients with overt hypothyroidism

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