Hypothesis: Ill health associated with low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide--an effect of ultrafine particles?

Seaton, Anthony; Dennekamp, Martine

doi:10.1136/thorax.58.12.1012

Cited by 85 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Therefore, the observed health effects attributed to NO 2 might actually be a result of exposures to fine particles or traffic-related emissions. 30 For example, Seaton et al suggested NO 2 is a surrogate for ultrafine particle measures; 31 therefore, there is a possibility that the effect of NO 2 we observed might be because of other unmeasured pollutant such as ultrafine particle. In Europe and North America, NO 2 is typically a traffic-related pollutant; in China, however, both vehicles and coal-fired plants are major sources of NO 2 .…”

Section: April 2013mentioning

confidence: 72%

Acute Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Stroke Mortality in the China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Yang³

et al. 2013

Stroke

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Background and Purpose— There have been no multicity studies on the acute effects of air pollution on stroke mortality in China. This study was undertaken to examine the associations between daily stroke mortality and outdoor air pollution (particulate matter <10 μm in aerodynamic diameter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide) in 8 Chinese cities. Methods— We used Poisson regression models with natural spline-smoothing functions to adjust for long-term and seasonal trends, as well as other time-varying covariates. We applied 2-stage Bayesian hierarchical statistical models to estimate city-specific and national average associations of air pollution with daily stroke mortality. Results— Air pollution was associated with daily stroke mortality in 8 Chinese cities. In the combined analysis, an increase of 10 μg/m 3 of 2-day moving average concentrations of particulate matter <10 μm in aerodynamic diameter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide corresponded to 0.54% (95% posterior intervals, 0.28–0.81), 0.88% (95% posterior intervals, 0.54–1.22), and 1.47% (95% posterior intervals, 0.88–2.06) increase of stroke mortality, respectively. The concentration–response curves indicated linear nonthreshold associations between air pollution and risk of stroke mortality. Conclusions— To our knowledge, this is the first multicity study in China, or even in other developing countries, to report the acute effect of air pollution on stroke mortality. Our results contribute to very limited data on the effect of air pollution on stroke for high-exposure settings typical in developing countries.

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Section: April 2013mentioning

confidence: 72%

Acute Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Stroke Mortality in the China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Yang³

et al. 2013

Stroke

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“…Using information from four European cities (the RUPIOH project, unpublished data) that provided relevant data for the present analysis, the correlation between NO 2 and PM10 ranged 0.38-0.54, between NO 2 and PM2.5, 0.43-0.63, between NO 2 and particle numbers, 0.53-0.72, and between PM10 and particle numbers, 0.19-0.54. Hence, in the present data, the associations between NO 2 and particle numbers are not so high as to make the distinction of the effects impossible, as in the case of SEATON et al [40]. It should be noted that among these four cities, the one with the highest NO 2 particle numbers correlation (Helsinki) had the lowest estimated NO 2 effect on total mortality.…”

Section: Effects Of Nitrogen Dioxide On Mortality E Samoli Et Almentioning

confidence: 77%

“…SEATON et al [40] suggest that NO 2 is a surrogate for particle numbers. Their hypothesis is illustrated using data only from Aberdeen where the correlation of NO 2 with PM10 is 0.45, with PM2.5, 0.55, and with particle numbers, 0.89.…”

Section: Effects Of Nitrogen Dioxide On Mortality E Samoli Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project

Samoli¹

2006

Eur Respir J

281

161

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The short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) on total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in 30 European cities participating in the Air Pollution on Health: a European Approach (APHEA)-2 project were investigated.The association was examined using hierarchical models implemented in two stages. In the first stage, data from each city were analysed separately, whereas in the second stage, the cityspecific air pollution estimates were regressed on city-specific covariates to obtain overall estimates and to explore sources of possible heterogeneity.A significant association of NO 2 with total, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality was found, with stronger effects on cause-specific mortality. There was evidence of confounding in respiratory mortality with black smoke and sulphur dioxide. The effect of NO 2 on total and cardiovascular mortality was observed mainly in western and southern European cities, and was larger when smoking prevalence was lower and household gas consumption was higher. The effect of NO 2 on respiratory mortality was higher in cities with a larger proportion of elderly persons in the population and higher levels of particulate matter with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 mm.The results of this large study are consistent with an independent effect of nitrogen dioxide on mortality, but the role of nitrogen dioxide as a surrogate of other unmeasured pollutants cannot be completely ruled out.

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“…There they found a striking association between concentrations of nitrogen oxides and the number of particles of <100nm aerodynamic diameter measured simultaneously ( Figure 18). These associations were so close that Seaton and Dennekamp (2003) concluded that if NO 2 in these environments is measured as an index of pollution and is shown to be associated with health effects, these effects could equally be due to the numbers of particles since it would be impossible to distinguish their effects in epidemiological studies. Seaton and Dennekamp (2003) also carried out an investigation during which they have measured simultaneously particle number counts ( by TSI 3934 scanning mobility particle sizer) and nitrogen oxides (by ML9841A chemo luminescent analyzer).…”

Section: Seaton and Dennekamp (2003) Carried Out Outdoor Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Particle Emissions from Domestic Gas Cookers

Glarborg

Livbjerg

Wagner

et al. 2010

Combustion Science and Technology

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Hypothesis: Ill health associated with low concentrations of nitrogen dioxide--an effect of ultrafine particles?

Cited by 85 publications

References 30 publications

Acute Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Stroke Mortality in the China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study

Acute Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Stroke Mortality in the China Air Pollution and Health Effects Study

Short-term effects of nitrogen dioxide on mortality: an analysis within the APHEA project

Particle Emissions from Domestic Gas Cookers

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