Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal reactivity in prepubertal children with social phobia

West, Dirk Van; Claes, Stephan; Sulon, J.; Deboutte, Dirk

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.03.006

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Stronger anxiety reactivity corresponds well with prior findings, demonstrating higher reactivity in anxiety in SP children compared to controls during social-evaluative tasks (Beidel 1991;Spence et al 1999;van West et al 2008). Subjective anxiety hyperreactivity in SP children also speaks for a successful symptom provocation by the TSST-C and points to a specific sensitivity of these children to social-evaluative contexts, which is well in line with current nosology and theory.…”

Section: Subjective Anxietysupporting

confidence: 87%

“…This result is consistent with studies with adolescents and adults reporting similar cortisol reactivity in SP and HC groups (Beaton et al 2006;Heiser et al 2009). However, it is inconsistent with results of van West et al (2008), who reported higher cortisol reactivity in children with SP compared to HC in response to social stress. The present study and the study of van West et al (2008) differ in stressor length (twice as long in the present study), age group (present study [8][9][10][11][12], and sample size (present study 40/group, van West et al 25/ group).…”

Section: Salivary Cortisolcontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…We expected elevated subjective anxiety in SP children (Beidel 1991;van West et al 2008). No predictions were made for autonomic responses (HR, sAA) due to the heterogeneity of previous findings.…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Beidel (1991) found increased subjective anxiety reactivity to a read-aloud task in SP children compared to healthy controls (HC) but no differences in HR. Regarding cortisol reactivity, van West et al (2008) examined 25 children with SP between 6 and 12 years of age and 25 control children during an adapted version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST; Kirschbaum et al 1993), consisting of a 5-minute speech in front of an audience. The authors found higher anxiety levels as well as an elevated salivary cortisol response to the task in children with SP compared to HC.…”

Section: Symptom Provocation and The Multiple Response Levels Of Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No predictions were made for autonomic responses (HR, sAA) due to the heterogeneity of previous findings. Endocrine (salivary cortisol) responses were expected to be higher in children with SP compared to HC children (van West et al 2008).…”

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Subjective, Autonomic, and Endocrine Reactivity during Social Stress in Children with Social Phobia

Krämer

Seefeldt

Heinrichs

et al. 2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Reports of exaggerated anxiety and physiological hyperreactivity to social-evaluative situations are characteristic of childhood social phobia (SP). However, laboratory research on subjective, autonomic and endocrine functioning in childhood SP is scarce, inconsistent and limited by small sample sizes, limited breadth of measurements, and the use of non-standardized stressor tasks. We exposed 8-12-year-old children with DSM-IV SP (n=41) and matched healthy control children (HC; n=40) to the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) while measuring subjective anxiety, heart rate (HR) and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) as well as salivary cortisol. The SP children showed heightened reactivity to the TSST-C on subjective anxiety compared to the HC children but not a heightened reactivity in HR, sAA or cortisol. However, the SP children showed chronically elevated HR levels throughout the whole laboratory session. Whereas subjective anxiety seems to respond specifically to social-evaluative stress in childhood SP, HR levels may be chronically elevated suggesting a more generalized autonomic hyperreactivity.

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Section: Subjective Anxietysupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Salivary Cortisolcontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Symptom Provocation and The Multiple Response Levels Of Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Present Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Subjective, Autonomic, and Endocrine Reactivity during Social Stress in Children with Social Phobia

Krämer

Seefeldt

Heinrichs

et al. 2011

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Axis: Neuropsychiatric Aspects

Jacobson

2014

Comprehensive Physiology

133

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Evidence of aberrant hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) activity in many psychiatric disorders, although not universal, has sparked long-standing interest in HPA hormones as biomarkers of disease or treatment response. HPA activity may be chronically elevated in melancholic depression, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenia. The HPA axis may be more reactive to stress in social anxiety disorder and autism spectrum disorders. In contrast, HPA activity is more likely to be low in PTSD and atypical depression. Antidepressants are widely considered to inhibit HPA activity, although inhibition is not unanimously reported in the literature. There is evidence, also uneven, that the mood stabilizers lithium and carbamazepine have the potential to augment HPA measures, while benzodiazepines, atypical antipsychotics, and to some extent, typical antipsychotics have the potential to inhibit HPA activity. Currently, the most reliable use of HPA measures in most disorders is to predict the likelihood of relapse, although changes in HPA activity have also been proposed to play a role in the clinical benefits of psychiatric treatments. Greater attention to patient heterogeneity and more consistent approaches to assessing treatment effects on HPA function may solidify the value of HPA measures in predicting treatment response or developing novel strategies to manage psychiatric disease.

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Early temperamental and biological predictors of dimensions of social withdrawal in childhood

Morneau‐Vaillancourt

Ouellet‐Morin

Pouliot

et al. 2022

Developmental Psychobiology

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Social wariness and preference for solitude, two dimensions of social withdrawal, show unique associations with various socioemotional difficulties in childhood, including internalizing and peer problems. However, their early childhood predictors remain vastly undocumented. The present study aimed to examine whether early indicators of reactivity in situations of unfamiliarity such as behavioral inhibition, affect, and cortisol independently, or in interaction with emotion regulation as indexed by vagal tone, predict later social wariness and preference for solitude. Participants were 1209 children from the Quebec Newborn Twin Study. Vagal tone was assessed at 5 months, and behavioral inhibition, affect, and cortisol were assessed at 19 months in situations of unfamiliarity. Mothers, teachers, and peers evaluated social wariness and preference for solitude repeatedly from 4 to 10 years old. Findings show that three temperamental dimensions, social inhibition, nonsocial inhibition, and affect accounted for the variability in reactions to unfamiliarity. Behavioral inhibition to social unfamiliarity at 19 months predicted social wariness during the preschool years. Poor vagal regulation at 5 months exacerbated the risk associated with negative affect at 19 months to predict preference for solitude during the preschool years. Overall, results show that social wariness and preference for solitude may follow different developmental pathways.

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Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal reactivity in prepubertal children with social phobia

Cited by 52 publications

References 41 publications

Subjective, Autonomic, and Endocrine Reactivity during Social Stress in Children with Social Phobia

Subjective, Autonomic, and Endocrine Reactivity during Social Stress in Children with Social Phobia

Hypothalamic‐Pituitary‐Adrenocortical Axis: Neuropsychiatric Aspects

Early temperamental and biological predictors of dimensions of social withdrawal in childhood

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