Hypothalamic control of food intake in cats and monkeys

Anand, B. K.; S, Dua; Shoenberg, Kate

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005244

Cited by 394 publications

(349 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the 1940s to 1950s, American scientists explored this experimentally by creating lesions in the hypothalami of rats. 15,16 They found that when they damaged the medial hypothalamus, rats became ravenously hungry (hyperphagic) and obese, whereas if both lateral parts of the hypothalamus were damaged, rats frequently lost interest in eating and became very thin. In 1959, Hervey, 17 a Cambridge-based physiologist, reported an experiment that could be considered as the first key experiment in a chain of discovery leading to our current understanding of the control of energy balance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human obesity as a heritable disorder of the central control of energy balance

O’Rahilly

Farooqi

2008

Int J Obes

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In the spirit of celebration associated with the 20th anniversary of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, we have seized the opportunity of taking a highly personal and not at all comprehensive 'whistle-stop tour' of a large body of evidence that, we feel, supports the following conclusions: (1) that body fat stores are regulated by biological control processes in humans as they are in lower animals; (2) that there are major inherited influences on the efficiency whereby such control processes operate in humans; (3) that the precise nature of those genetic and biological influences and how they interact with environmental factors are beginning to be understood; (4) that most of the genes discovered thus far have their principal impact on hunger, satiety and food intake; (5) that while there is understandable resistance to the notion that genes can influence a human behavior such as the habitual ingestion of food, the implications of these discoveries are essentially benign. Indeed, we hope that they may eventually lead to improved treatment for patients and, in addition, help to inculcate a more enlightened attitude to the obese with a reduction in their experience of social and economic discrimination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human obesity as a heritable disorder of the central control of energy balance

O’Rahilly

Farooqi

2008

Int J Obes

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“…47 -49 From these reports, we know that both ORX and MCH play roles in the food intake and endocrine systems. Because the LH is known to act as a 'feeding center', 1 we think it is most likely that the reciprocal synaptic relationships between the ORX-and MCH-LI neurons in the LH will be related to the regulation of food-intake, although the possibility of a role in the sleep -wake cycle still remains. As more synapses were made by ORX-LI axon terminals on MCH-LI neurons than vice versa, this may reflect the main synaptic direction with synapses from MCH-LI axon terminals to ORX-LI neurons representing a feedback system.…”

Section: Orexin -Mch Synaptic Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Lesions of the LH have been shown to produce temporary aphagia, adipsia and loss in body weight. 1 -3 Electrical stimulation of the LH has the opposite effect inducing vigorous feeding with a resultant increase in body weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reciprocal synaptic relationships between orexin- and melanin-concentrating hormone-containing neurons in the rat lateral hypothalamus: a novel circuit implicated in feeding regulation

Uehara

et al. 2002

Int J Obes

116

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OBJECTIVE: Both orexin (ORX)-and melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) are expressed in different neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area (LH), and are considered to have common effects on stimulating food intake. There are no reports to demonstrate neural interactions between them at the ultrastructural level. We observed these neurons in the LH to evaluate the relationships between them. DESIGN: We used two different types of double immunostaining to reveal the ultrastructure of both the ORX-and MCHcontaining neurons. A preembedding double immunostaining technique was used to study the synaptic relationships between the two kinds of neuron. RESULTS: The main new findings are as follows: 1) Both ORX-and MCH-containing neurons received other synaptic input and made synaptic input to other neurons; 2) Reciprocal synaptic relationships were observed between the ORX-and MCHcontaining neurons. CONCLUSION: The ORX-and MCH-containing neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area may influence food intake through synapse with each other.

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“…In those experiments, the effect of lesions of hypothalamic areas on food intake and body weight was investigated. Bilateral lesions of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) induced aphagic behavior (6). In contrast, lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) resulted in hyperphagic behavior (7).…”

Section: The Hypothalamic Control Of Feeding Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Cybernetic principles in the systematic concept of hypothalamic feeding control

Fricke¹,

Lehmkuhl²,

Pfaff³

2006

eur j endocrinol

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Research on biological mechanisms of eating behavior and related disorders, such as obesity and anorexia nervosa, has become a large field of research in the last 15 years. With the discovery of peptides related to hypothalamic control of food intake (e.g. leptin and ghrelin) the search for the biological 'master key' of feeding control was renewed. As a result, mid-20th century biological concepts based on systematic and cybernetic thoughts fell into oblivion. This review highlights discoveries of hypothalamic-controlled feeding and eating behavior with a cybernetic and systematic perspective. Interestingly, older ideas of hypothalamic function offer possibilities for the incorporation of new molecular discoveries into systematic concepts of feeding behavior.

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Hypothalamic control of food intake in cats and monkeys

Cited by 394 publications

References 10 publications

Human obesity as a heritable disorder of the central control of energy balance

Human obesity as a heritable disorder of the central control of energy balance

Reciprocal synaptic relationships between orexin- and melanin-concentrating hormone-containing neurons in the rat lateral hypothalamus: a novel circuit implicated in feeding regulation

Cybernetic principles in the systematic concept of hypothalamic feeding control

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