Hypotensive effect of taurine. Possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system and endogenous opiates.

Fujita, Toshiro; Sato, Yuji

doi:10.1172/jci113709

Cited by 40 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…44,45 Taurine may also reduce blood pressure through attenuation of peripheral AngII activity, enhancement of the kinin-kallikrein system in the kidney, 46,47 or decreasing levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine. Additionally, as observed in the current study, taurine supplementation effectively normalizes high blood pressure in the most common animal models of hypertension, including: spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), 48 deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt rats, 49 and Dahl-S rats. 50 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Impact of taurine supplementation on blood pressure in gestational protein-restricted offspring: Effect on the medial solitary tract nucleus cell numbers, angiotensin receptors, and renal sodium handling

Scabora

Lima

Lopes

et al. 2013

J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst

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Objective: The current study considers changes of the postnatal brainstem cell number and angiotensin receptors by maternal protein restriction (LP) and LP taurine supplementation (LPT), and its impact on arterial hypertension development in adult life. Methods and results: The brain tissue studies were performed by immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and isotropic fractionator analysis. The current study shows that elevated blood pressure associated with decreased fractional urinary sodium excretion (FE Na ) in adult LP offspring was reverted by diet taurine supplementation. Also, that 12-day-old LP pups present a reduction of 21% of brainstem neuron counts, and, immunohistochemistry demonstrates a decreased expression of type 1 angiotensin II receptors (AT 1 R) in the entire medial solitary tract nuclei (nTS) of 16-week-old LP rats compared to age-matched NP and LPT offspring. Conversely, the immunostained type 2 AngII (AT 2 R) receptors in 16-week-old LP nTS were unchanged. Conclusion:The present investigation shows a decreased FE Na that occurs despite unchanged creatinine clearance. It is plausible to hypothesize an association of decreased postnatal nTS cell number, AT 1 R/AT 2 R ratio and FE Na with the higher blood pressure levels found in taurine-deficient progeny (LP) compared with age-matched NP and LPT offspring.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Impact of taurine supplementation on blood pressure in gestational protein-restricted offspring: Effect on the medial solitary tract nucleus cell numbers, angiotensin receptors, and renal sodium handling

Scabora

Lima

Lopes

et al. 2013

J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst

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“…17 L-Arginine, acting via NO, 18 lowers BP and improves endothelial function. Taurine lowers BP in animals 19 and is inversely related to BP in population studies. 20 A nonspecific dose-dependent diuretic effect of amino acids may also contribute to the BP-lowering effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Dietary Protein and Soluble Fiber Reduce Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensives

et al. 2001

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Abstract-In population studies, higher blood pressure has been associated with lower intake of protein and, possibly, lower fiber consumption. In the present randomized controlled trial, we sought to determine whether dietary protein and fiber had additive effects on blood pressure reduction in hypertensives. Treated hypertensive patients changed for 4 weeks (familiarization) to a diet low in protein (12.5% energy) and fiber (15 g/d). Patients (nϭ41) were then randomized to 1 of 4 groups in an 8-week factorial study of parallel design in which they continued the low-protein, low-fiber diet alone or had supplements of soy protein to increase protein intake to 25% energy, of psyllium to provide an additional 12 g soluble fiber/d, or of both protein and fiber. The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was compared from the end of familiarization to the end of intervention. In the 36 subjects who provided complete data, protein and fiber had significant additive effects to lower 24-hour and awake systolic blood pressure. Relative to control subjects, the net reduction in 24-hour systolic blood pressure was 5.9 mm Hg with fiber and with protein. 8 and have in general proved to be negative. However, increased dietary protein attenuated the pressor effect of salt among young volunteers with a family history of hypertension. 9 Recently, soy protein supplements of 40 g/d were found to lower systolic BP (SBP) by 3 mm Hg and diastolic BP (DBP) by Ϸ2 mm Hg, relative to control subjects, 10 in 35-to 65-year-old Chinese subjects with untreated high-normal BP.Dietary fiber may also be related inversely to BP. 2,11-13 A recent meta-analysis 14 concluded that fiber probably has a small BP-lowering effect. In Chinese populations, BP has been associated inversely with both protein and fiber intake, 2 consistent with additive effects. However, associations with specific nutrients may arise through other dietary or lifestyle differences that affect BP.Given the worldwide prevalence of hypertension, it is important to resolve whether dietary protein and fiber can influence BP alone or additively. We therefore conducted a randomized controlled trial in treated hypertensives in whom protein or fiber intake, or both, was increased against a background of a standardized diet low in both constituents. Methods SubjectsNonsmoking men or women who were Ն20 years old and were receiving drug therapy for hypertension were recruited via advertisement. Inclusion criteria included drug therapy for Ն6 months with Յ2 antihypertensive agents, SBP between 130 and 160 mm Hg, and alcohol intake of Յ210 g alcohol/wk. Exclusion criteria included diabetes, renal disease (creatinine Ͼ130 mmol/L), symptomatic heart disease, regular use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, psychiatric illness, or body mass index of Ͼ33 kg/m 2 for men and Ͼ37 kg/m 2 for women. The study was approved by the University of Western Australia Committee for Human Rights, and all participants gave written consent. Dietary InterventionDuring the initial 4-week period (baseline), subj...

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“…Since then, several studies have substantiated the antihypertensive effect of taurine in hypertensive animals and patients. [5][6][7][8] The evidence suggests that taurine reduces sympathetic discharge and oxidative stress and enhances salt excretion. [5][6][7][8][9] The present study shows that acute intravenous infusion of L-serine evokes a rapid, dose-dependent fall in MAP with recovery to basal MAP after each dose.…”

Section: Antihypertensive Effect Of Amino Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that the amino acid taurine reduces BP by reducing sympathetic discharge, oxidative stress, and increased salt excretion in hypertensive animals and patients. [5][6][7][8][9] There are no reports on the direct cardiovascular effects of L-serine. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro effect of L-serine using third-order branches of rat mesenteric arterioles constricted with phenylephrine (PE), a preparation that represents the resistance function of circulation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Promotes Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation and the Antihypertensive Effect of l -Serine

et al. 2008

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Abstract-L-serine is a precursor of central neurotransmitters. Its cardiovascular effects are largely unstudied. We compared the in vitro effects of L-serine and acetylcholine in phenylephrine-constricted third-order branches of mesenteric arterioles in the NO synthase inhibitor N G -nitro L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), pretreated hypertensive rats, and a control group of normotensive male Sprague-Dawley rats. The changes in mean arterial pressure and heart rate evoked by acute intravenous infusion of either L-serine (0.1 to 3.0 mmol/kg) or acetylcholine (0.1 to 10.0 nmol/kg) were determined in anesthetized rats. L-serine evoked concentration-dependent (10 to 200 mol/L) vasodilatation in endothelium-intact but not in endotheliumdenuded vessels. It was abolished by the inclusion of a combination of apamin (SK Ca channel inhibitor) and TRAM-34 (IK Ca channel inhibitor) or ouabain (Na ϩ pump inhibitor) and Ba 2ϩ (K ir channel inhibitor) or when the vessels were constricted by potassium chloride. The maximal response to L-serine was higher in the L-NAME treatment group (control 20% versus L-NAME 40%) in relation to the maximal response to acetylcholine (control 93% versus L-NAME 79%). L-serine evoked a rapid, reversible, dose-dependent fall in mean arterial pressure without increasing heart rate and was more pronounced in L-NAME-treated rats (maximal response: Ͼ60 mm Hg) than in the control rats (maximal response: 25 mm Hg). This was inhibited (PϽ0.01) by apaminϩcharybdotoxin pretreatment. The in vitro and in vivo data confirm that L-serine promotes vasodilatation in resistance arterioles and evokes a greater fall in mean arterial pressure in NO synthase-inhibited hypertensive rats via activation of apamin and charybdotoxin/TRAM-34-sensitive K Ca channels present on the endothelium. Key Words: amino acids Ⅲ blood pressure Ⅲ endothelium Ⅲ hypertension Ⅲ vasodilation T he nonessential amino acid L-serine biosynthesized from glycine or threonine and the metabolism of glucose, other than being a neurotrophic factor, is a precursor for nucleotides, phospholipids, and central neurotransmitters such as glycine, serotonin, and D-serine. 1-3 L-Serine treatment has been attempted in the management of schizophrenia, depression, and chronic fatigue syndrome and for preventing microcephaly, psychomotor retardation, and seizures encountered in rare inborn errors of L-serine biosynthesis. 2,3 Recently, N-arachidonoyl L-serine was shown to promote endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in isolated rat arteries. 4 This study failed to address whether L-serine itself would promote vasodilatation or regulate blood pressure (BP). Previous studies have shown that the amino acid taurine reduces BP by reducing sympathetic discharge, oxidative stress, and increased salt excretion in hypertensive animals and patients. [5][6][7][8][9] There are no reports on the direct cardiovascular effects of L-serine. Therefore, we investigated the in vitro effect of L-serine using third-order branches of rat mesenteric arterioles constricted with phenyl...

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Hypotensive effect of taurine. Possible involvement of the sympathetic nervous system and endogenous opiates.

Cited by 40 publications

References 38 publications

Impact of taurine supplementation on blood pressure in gestational protein-restricted offspring: Effect on the medial solitary tract nucleus cell numbers, angiotensin receptors, and renal sodium handling

Impact of taurine supplementation on blood pressure in gestational protein-restricted offspring: Effect on the medial solitary tract nucleus cell numbers, angiotensin receptors, and renal sodium handling

Dietary Protein and Soluble Fiber Reduce Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Treated Hypertensives

Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Promotes Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilatation and the Antihypertensive Effect of l -Serine

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