Hyporheic Communities of Two Montana Rivers

Stanford, Jack A.; Gaufin, Arden R.

doi:10.1126/science.185.4152.700

Cited by 130 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, Townsend (1989) points out the lack of research on the proportion of the benthos itated by preadaptations resulting from the periodically adverse conditions in streams (Schwoerbel, 1964, that actually migrates into the hyporheic zone during disturbance events. For a sandy-bottomed stream with 1967; Danielopol, 1989).…”

Section: The Surface Water-groundwater Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a four-dimensional perspective of lotic ecosystems (Amoros et al, 1987;Ward, 1989), while its hydraulic conductivity is derived from the size, shape and interconnectivity of the voids (Beyer, the hyporheic zone extends vertically as well as laterally (Schwoerbel, 1961b;Stanford & Gaufin, 1974;Allen, 1985;Marcinek & Rosenkranz, 1989). Although both terms (porosity and hydraulic conduc- Stanford & Ward, 1988), and is of functional and structural significance for the hydrology and ecology tivity) are related to the content of cavities, in unconsolidated clastic sediments, as is the case with fluvial of the alluvial floodplain .…”

Section: Groundwater and Rivers Have Traditionally Beenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and groundwater

1997

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S U M M A R Y1. This review focuses on the connectivity between river and groundwater ecosystems, viewing them as linked components of a hydrological continuum. Ecological processes that maintain the integrity of both systems and those that are mediated by their ecotones are evaluated. 2. The hyporheic zone, as the connecting ecotone, shows diverse gradients. Thus it can be characterized by hydrological, chemical, zoological and metabolic criteria. However, the characteristics of the hyporheic zone tend to vary widely in space and time as well as from system to system. The exact limits are difficult to designate and the construction of static concepts is inadequate for the representation of ecological processes. The hyporheic interstices are functionally a part of both the fluvial and groundwater ecosystems. 3. The permeability of the ecotone depends on the hydraulic conductivity of the sediment layers which, because of their heterogeneity, form many flowpath connections between the stream and the catchment, from the small scale of a single microhabitat to the large scale of an entire alluvial aquifer. Local up-and downwellings are determined by geomorphologic features such as streambed topography, whereas large-scale exchange processes are determined mainly by the geological properties of the catchment. Colmation-clogging of the top layer of the channel sediments-includes all processes leading to a reduction of pore volume, consolidation of the sediment matrix, and decreased permeability of the stream bed. Consequently, colmation can hinder exchange processes between surface water and groundwater. 4. Physicochemical gradients in the interstices result from several processes: (i) hyporheic flow pattern and the different properties of surface and groundwaters; (ii) retention, caused by the filtering effect of pore size and lithologic sorption as well as the transient storage of solutes caused by diminished water velocities; (iii) biogeochemical transformations in conjunction with local residence time. Each physicochemical parameter may develop its own vertical dynamics laterally from the active channel into the banks as well as longitudinally because of geomorphologic changes. 5. The river-groundwater interface can act as a source or sink for dissolved organic matter, depending on the volume and direction of flow, dissolved organic carbon concentrations and biotic activity. Interstitial storage of particulate organic matter is influenced mainly by grain size distribution and by spates involving bedload movement that may import or release matter, depending on the season. After initial transient and abiotic storage, hyporheic organic matter is mobilized and transformed by the biota. 2 M. Brunke and T. GonserMicro-organisms account for over 90% of the community respiration. In subterranean waters most bacteria are attached to surfaces and remain in a biofilm. 6. Hyporheic interstices are functionally significant for phreatic and riverine metazoans because they act as a refuge against adverse conditions. The net flo...

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Section: The Surface Water-groundwater Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Groundwater and Rivers Have Traditionally Beenmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and groundwater

1997

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“…Other members of the hyporheos are considered -temporary‖ and are represented by organisms that spend some portion of their life cycle in the surface stream. For example, amphibitic Plecoptera (Stoneflies) in the Flathead River (MT) have been collected from hyporheic water at least 4.2 m below and 50 m laterally to the river [183]. These organisms return to the surface stream to emerge, mate, lay the eggs of the next generation [183,184], and are a source of food for fishes and riparian birds and bats.…”

Section: Urbanization Effects On Biological Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, amphibitic Plecoptera (Stoneflies) in the Flathead River (MT) have been collected from hyporheic water at least 4.2 m below and 50 m laterally to the river [183]. These organisms return to the surface stream to emerge, mate, lay the eggs of the next generation [183,184], and are a source of food for fishes and riparian birds and bats. Hyporheic zones may also serve as refugia for benthic macroinvertebrates during high [185] and low [186] flow events and surface water-subsurface water connections are often associated with fish spawning locations [187,188].…”

Section: Urbanization Effects On Biological Communitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization Effects on Watershed Hydrology and In-Stream Processes in the Southern United States

O’Driscoll

Clinton

Jefferson

et al. 2010

Water

341

219

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Abstract:The southern United States is characterized by a humid, subtropical climate and consists of 16 states (Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware, and Maryland) and Washington DC. Currently this region is experiencing the largest net population growth in the U.S. Over the last century, the expansion of large urban centers and impervious area in the region has altered the hydrologic cycle. This review synthesizes regional research that shows how watershed hydrology, groundwater recharge, stream geomorphology, climate, biogeochemistry, and stream ecology have been affected by urbanization and the expansion of watershed impervious area.

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“…The organisms living in the hyporheic zone thus include stygoxenes (organisms that have no affinities with groundwater systems where they occur only accidentally), few stygobites (specialised subterranean forms, obligatory hypogean, mainly represented by several taxa of Crustacea) which often belong to ancient taxa and are endemic or with reduced distribution, and several stygophiles (organisms that actively exploit resources in the ground water system for part of their life cycle as well as seek protection from unfavorable situations in the surface environment) (Marmonier et al, 1993;Gibert et al, 1994). The latter can be further divided into occasional hyporheos (mainly benthic insect larvae, the early instars of which reside in the hyporheic zone, though not necessary linked to it because individuals of the same species can also spend all their life in the surface environment); amphibite (a taxonomically variable group of stoneflies whose life cycle necessitates the use of both surface water and groundwater systems (Stanford and Gaufin, 1974)); and permanent hyporheos (several taxa of nematodes, oligochaetes, water mites, copepods, ostracods, cladocerans, and tardigrades that can spend all their life cycle either in subsurface or in surface water) (Gibert et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of hydropeaking on hyporheic invertebrates in an Alpine stream (Trentino, Italy)

Bruno

Maiolini

Carolli

et al. 2009

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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-The impact of repeated hydropeaking events was assessed in the Alpine stream Noce Bianco (Trentino, NE Italy). Three stations were selected, one upstream and two at 0.25 km and 6 km downstream from a hydropower plant which causes 7-fold discharge increases. We collected hyporheic invertebrates for two years. Taxa diversity and abundance were reduced in the impacted sites, especially affecting the stygobites, which were significantly less abundant at the impacted sites, whereas stygoxene invertebrates increased exponentially. Repeated hydropeaking events alter the physical-chemical characteristics of the hyporheic habitat, resulting in the recorded faunistic pattern. The deposition of the fine sediment transported by the turbinated water downstream of the power plant and the absence of natural peak floods which remove fine sediments, probably cause a reduction of the interstitial space interstitial habitat available to stygobitic taxa. Surface water natural thermal regime is altered by the hypolimnetic discharges, and such alterations propagate into the hyporheic, affecting the stenothermic taxa. Some benthic taxa used the hyporheic habitat as a refuge to avoid catastrophic drift during hydropower production operation. The main trophic roles represented in the hyporheic assemblages do not support an important role for biological interactions such as predation in determining the fine-scale patchiness of the hyporheos.

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Hyporheic Communities of Two Montana Rivers

Cited by 130 publications

References 2 publications

The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and groundwater

The ecological significance of exchange processes between rivers and groundwater

Urbanization Effects on Watershed Hydrology and In-Stream Processes in the Southern United States

Impact of hydropeaking on hyporheic invertebrates in an Alpine stream (Trentino, Italy)

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